What causes angiofibromas? Angiofibromas are caused by a local overgrowth of collagen, fibroblasts, and blood vessels. In tuberous sclerosis, mutations are present in tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1), which encodes the protein hamartin, and tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) which encodes the protein tuberin.

Shagreen patches are oval-shaped and nevoid, skin-colored or occasionally pigmented, smooth or crinkled, The word shagreen refers to a type of roughened untanned leather. [ from HPO]

A shagreen patch (arrows) is an irregularly shaped, irregularly thickened, slightly elevated soft skin-colored patch, usually on the lower back, made up of excess fibrous tissue.

Treatment may consist of planning of an elevated shagreen patch with a Reese dermatome and/or laser treatment of facial angiofibromas. These precise patients, i.e., patients with a forme fruste of tuberous sclerosis, are more likely to have pulmonary involvement than patients with the usual complete disease form.

Shagreen patches vary in size from a few millimeters to more than 10 cm in diameter. If present, they are nearly always found on or around the lumbar region of the back. They typically first appear before or around puberty, but are sometimes seen in children as young as six months old.

A benign (not cancer) tumor that is made up of blood vessels and fibrous (connective) tissue. Angiofibromas usually appear as small, red bumps on the face, especially on the nose and cheeks. They are common in patients with tuberous sclerosis (a genetic disorder that causes skin lesions, seizures, and mental problems).

Cost-wise, Minkoff says, faux shagreen is only a few dollars more expensive than regular leather to work with, about $6 a square foot compared to $4 for cowhide. This translates into a reasonably priced $375 faux-shagreen summer wedge shoe that conveys a similar look.

Shagreen is a material that’s been used for centuries but is still very much in favor with contemporary designers and craftsmen. Given its source, it’s no surprise that shagreen is basically water resistant, making it a popular material for use near wet areas, such as in bathrooms.

Current treatment options for facial angiofibromas include destructive approaches such as dermabrasion, surgical excision, and laser therapy. A more targeted therapeutic approach is needed because current therapies are not effective in preventing early lesions and therefore may have less than satisfactory outcomes.

Macules: Macules are smaller skin lesions, mostly in brown, white and red. Common examples of macules are moles and freckles. These skin lesions are not dangerous by themselves but can pose a threat when evolving over time.

shave or punch biopsy (removing part of the angiofibroma) electrosurgery (using an electrical device to destroy the angiofibroma) topical application of sirolimus (also called rapamycin which is an mTOR inhibitor) for multiple angiofibromas associated with tuberous sclerosis complex.

Cardiac rhabdomyoma is a kind of benign (non- cancerous) heart tumor and is the most common type of heart tumor in children (Figure 1). • It is usually found during pregnancy or when the baby is an infant.

A shagreen patch is a subepidermal collagenous connective tissue nevus, also known as a collagenoma, associated with tuberous sclerosis. The overlying skin may be discoloured with obvious pours, giving the appearance of orange peel.

The early horse-skin variety of shagreen was traditionally prepared by embedding plant seeds (often Chenopodium) in the untreated skin while soft, covering the skin with a cloth, and trampling them into the skin. When the skin was dry, the seeds were shaken off, leaving the surface of the leather covered with small indentations.

Since the 18th century Shagreen has typically been used for covering portable items such as luggage, toilet cases and other boxes, the hard and robust looking finish seeming to assure its reputation for standing up to rough handling; book coverings are also known as well as larger pieces of furniture.

Shagreen is a type of rawhide consisting of rough untanned skin, historically from a horse’s or onager ‘s back, or from shark or ray . The word derives from the French chagrin and is related to Italian zigrino and Venetian sagrin, derived from the Turkic sağrı / çağrı ‘rump of a horse’ or the prepared skin of this part.