astrolabe, used until the 15th century to determine a geographic location based on the position of stars. The application of mathematics to architecture thus took place at a time and in a place where all the most recent advances in this field were known, read, and elaborated on. osque was constructed at Córdoba.

Islamic contributions to mathematics began around ad 825, when the Baghdad mathematician Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī wrote his famous treatise al-Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa’l-muqābala (translated into Latin in the 12th century as Algebra et Almucabal, from which the modern term algebra is derived).

The 10th Century Persian mathematician Muhammad Al-Karaji worked to extend algebra still further, freeing it from its geometrical heritage, and introduced the theory of algebraic calculus.

How do you determine if a number is odd or even? If a number is evenly divisible by 2 then it’s an even number, otherwise, it’s an odd number. We can also say when we divide a number by 2 and there is some remainder left, which is not divisible again by 2, then it’s an odd number.

Answer: The sum of first 20 odd natural numbers is 400.

The number series 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, . . . . , 19. Therefore, 100 is the sum of first 10 odd numbers.

Also, find sum of odd numbers here. Let us derive this formula using AP….Sum of First Ten Even numbers.

The sum of the GP formula is S=arn−1r−1 S = a r n − 1 r − 1 where a is the first term and r is the common ratio.

Formula for Sum of Arithmetic Sequence Formula