Article 15 falls under Part III of the Constitution, which deals with the fundamental rights of the citizens of India. The first clause of Article 15 directs the State not to discriminate against a citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth or any of them.

Article 15 applies the principle of equality given in Article 14 to certain specific conditions. Article 15(1) prevents the discrimination of citizens by the State, on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth or any of them.

Article 14

Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability. “Untouchability” is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out of Untouchability” shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law.

It prohibits the state from conferring any title on any citizen or a foreigner (except a military or academic distinction). It prohibits a citizen of India from accepting any title from any foreign state.

Union of India. Article 19(2) – An Exception to Article 19(1): It is however pertinent to mention that, freedom of speech and expression of press is not absolute but is qualified by certain clearly defined limitations under Article 19(2) in the interests of the public.

The Fundamental Rights guaranteed by Articles 14, 20, 21, 21A, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 are available to all persons whether citizens or foreigners.

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Article 18 protects theistic, non-theistic and atheistic believers as well as those who do not profess any religion or belief. Less well known is the role that religious organisations played in launching and sustaining the human rights movement.

The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them. There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.

Article 23 of the Indian Constitution explicitly prohibits and criminalises human trafficking and forced labour.

Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc. No child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment.  Constitutional / 26 January 1950 / India / Constitution of India.

Features of Article 23 Right against exploitation is prescribed as a fundamental right of the individuals under Article 23 of the Indian Constitution. It protects both the citizens and the non-citizens against exploitation. It protects individuals against the State as well as private citizens.

Article 39 – Constitution of India (a) The first part gives adequate livelihood to every citizen, including all men and women, and these rights are equal. (b) Secondly, resource distribution of community (including ownership and control) for the common good as for the welfare of the society.

Article 14 guarantees equality before law as well as equal protection of the law to all people within the territory of India. This includes the equal subjection of all persons to the authority of law, as well as equal treatment of persons in similar circumstances.

Article 29 of the Constitution adopted in 2015 includes the following provisions: (1) Every person shall have the right against exploitation. (2) No person shall be subjected to any kind of exploitation on the basis of religion, custom, tradition, culture, practices or any other bases.

Article 28 of the Constitution adopted in 1996, and amended in 2013, includes the following provisions: Everyone has the right to respect of his or her dignity. No one shall be subjected to torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment that violates his or her dignity.