Effects of Land Pollution Water that isn’t safe to drink. Polluted soil, which leads to a loss of fertile land for agriculture. Climate change, which causes an onslaught of disastrous problems, including flash floods and irregular rainfalls. The endangerment and extinction of species in wildlife.

Illegal dumping of the solid wastes, polluted water absorbed by the soil, use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, dumping of minerals, oils, and radioactive wastes are the major causes of soil pollution (Cachada et al. 2018).

Some of the direct impacts of soil pollution can be seen in agricultural production system like loss/decline in soil productivity and loss in crop diversity. Pollution of soil and water drastically has estimated to reduce the crop yields by about 15–25% over the years and total cropped area has decreased significantly.

Soil pollution is mostly caused by mindless human activities such as:

• Industrial waste.
• Deforestation.
• Excessive use of fertilisers and pesticides.
• Garbage pollution.
• Climate change.
• Loss of soil fertility.
• Impact on human health.
• Reforestation.

Soil pollution affect human life in the following ways: Crops and plants which growing on polluted soil absorbs the pollutants and then pass them on to humans consuming these crops. This can cause small and terminal illness among humans. This results in low production of crops which can lead to widespread famines.

The source of land pollution comes from the human element such as littering, and waste that is washed ashore from boats, oil rigs, and sewage outlets. Land pollution is a result of dumping garbage, waste, and other toxins making the land contaminated or polluted.

Types of Sources stationary sources – such as power plants, oil refineries, industrial facilities, and factories. area sources – such as agricultural areas, cities, and wood burning fireplaces. natural sources – such as wind-blown dust, wildfires, and volcanoes.

Types of Soil Pollutants

• Biological Agents. Biological agents work inside the soil to introduce manures and digested sludge (coming from the human, bird and animal excreta) into the soil.
• Agricultural Practices.
• Radioactive Pollutants.
• Urban Waste.
• Industrial Waste.

Land pollution, the deposition of solid or liquid waste materials on land or underground in a manner that can contaminate the soil and groundwater, threaten public health, and cause unsightly conditions and nuisances.

Soil erosion and deforestation caused by soil and land pollution lead to landslides and mudslides. Toxic waste mixing in the water and land affects flora and fauna very adversely. Healthy air is replaced by smoke and soot that only contains harmful substances emitted through industries especially.