Terms in this set (3)

Some examples of naturally occurring ribozymes include:

• RNase P.
• Peptidyl transferase 23S rRNA.
• GIR1 branching ribozyme.
• Leadzyme.
• Group I and Group II introns.
• Hairpin ribozyme.
• Hammerhead ribozyme.
• HDV ribozyme.

Explain the role of Spliceosomes in protein synthesis. Spliceosomes are used by eukaryotic cells in mRNA manipulation. Before the mRNA is actually read, spliceosomes cut out introns and ligate exons. This results in a more efficient translation.

• tRNA. transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome.
• mRNA. messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome.
• ribosomal RNA. type of RNA molecule READS THE DNA SEQUENCE that plays a structural role in ribosomes.

mRNA is a messenger of RNA. It carries copies of genetic instructions to the rest of the cell. These instructions tell the cell how to assemble the amino acids for making proteins.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis.

Specifically, messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the protein blueprint from a cell’s DNA to its ribosomes, which are the “machines” that drive protein synthesis. Transfer RNA (tRNA) then carries the appropriate amino acids into the ribosome for inclusion in the new protein.

The process in which amino acids are arranged in a linear sequence through the processes of transcription of DNA and to RNA and the translation of RNA to a polypeptide chain. Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein translation and are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins.

Protein synthesis represents the major route of disposal of amino acids. Amino acids are activated by binding to specific molecules of transfer RNA and assembled by ribosomes into a sequence that has been specified by messenger RNA, which in turn has been transcribed from the DNA template.

Although the outcome of protein synthesis can be involved and quite complex, its purpose is rather straightforward. The purpose of protein synthesis is simply to create a polypeptide — a protein made out of a chain of amino acids. In a hair follicle cell, a protein called keratin is made.

In summary, protein synthesis is the process of making protein from RNA. There are two steps: transcription where DNA is copied to RNA, and translation, where ribosomes read the RNA to make proteins.

Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.

When protein synthesis is taking place, enzymes link tRNA to amino acids in a highly specific manner. In this way, a genetic code in the DNA can be used to synthesize a protein at a distant location at the ribosome. The synthesis of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA is accomplished by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. Transcription.

Peptidyl transferase

Translation is catalyzed by a large enzyme called a ribosome, which contains proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Translation also involves specific RNA molecules called transfer RNA (t-RNA) which can bind to three basepair codons on a messenger RNA (mRNA) and also carry the appropriate amino acid encoded by the codon.