The functional properties involve the causes of the response. The formal description of a language can be accomplished also by classifying words as nouns, verbs, prepositions, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, conjunctions, and articles.

A tact is said to “make contact with” the world, and refers to behavior that is under the control of generalized reinforcement. The controlling antecedent stimulus is nonverbal, and constitutes some portion of “the whole of the physical environment.”

What is the primary purpose of tact training? The purpose of tact training to develop verbal operant to name things, it produces generalized conditioned reinforcement.

Formal similarity between an SD and a response product means the SD and response product are in the same sense mode and they physically resemble each other. For example, after hearing someone else say “BOO!” you say “BOO!” The sense mode of both the SD and the response product is auditory and they sound the same.

Like the textual, there is point-to-point correspondence between the stimulus and the response product, but no formal similarity. Behavior whose reinforcement is mediated by a listener; includes both vocal-verbal behavior and nonvocal-verbal behavior. What is the primary purpose of Mand training?

The tact is a verbal operant under the functional control of nonverbal discriminative stimulus, and it produces generalized conditioned reinforcement. The echoic operant is controlled by a verbal discriminative stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the response.

Echoic. An echoic is a type of verbal operant that involves an individual repeating another individual’s verbal behavior. An echoic has both formal similarity and point-to-point correspondence with the verbal discriminative stimulus that evokes it (Cooper, Heron, and Heward, 2007).

formal similarity. The controlling antecedent stimulus and the response or the response product share the same sense mode (visual, auditory, and tactile) and physically resemble each other.

Why was there slow appreciation for Skinner’s work Verbal Behavior? It was met with immediate challenges from the field of linguistics and psycholinguistics, including a negative review by Noam Chomsky, to which Skinner did not respond.

In addition to delivering specific reinforcement, you can also use differential reinforcement to enhance the manding experience. As children begin to develop their language repertoire it is important to keep positive communication between teachers and parents.

Which is true about textual behavior? It is not required that the individual understand the words they are speaking. We can use the same strategies to teach verbal behavior as we use to teach non-verbal behavior.

Q:Which statement best describes recovery from punishment? A:After punishment is discontinued, sometimes the behavior that experienced the punishment contingency will recover.

Definition. Positive punishment is a form of behavior modification. In this case, the word “positive” doesn’t refer to something pleasant. Positive punishment is adding something to the mix that will result in an unpleasant consequence.

With least-to-most fading, the teacher allows the learner a brief opportunity to respond independently on each training trial and then delivers the least intrusive prompt if needed. Increasingly more intrusive prompts are then delivered as necessary for the learner to complete each training trial.

Some rules for prompt fading:

1. Plan it out from the start.
2. Train your staff.
3. Do it gradually.
4. If incorrect responding begins, return to last prompt level.

When are prompting sequences most effective? A most-to-least prompting procedure is most effective for students who lack necessary skills to complete a task. 5 This prompting sequence provides the most invasive form of prompting first and fades to lower level prompts as the student masters the skill.

Full Physical Prompt Also known as hand-over-hand assistance and is considered the most intrusive prompt.

Least to Most Prompt Fading When you meet a your friend’s toddler you put out your hand to give a high five. If she doesn’t respond you say, “give high five.” If she still doesn’t respond you move her hand to your hand to give a high five. This is a natural method of prompting.

Verbal prompts are one of the most difficult prompts to fade. By replacing verbal cues with a different type of prompt (visual, gestural, positional), assistance can be removed more easily as the skill is acquired.

Physical prompts: most intrusive type of prompt; may include hand-over-hand assistance. Prompting. Physical prompts: most intrusive type of prompt; may include hand-over-hand assistance. Examples: Tell the child to “Touch head” and physically guide his hands to touch his head.