The environment benefits from density and size as well. Larger, denser cities are cleaner and more energy efficient than smaller cities, suburbs, and even small towns. Ecologists have found that by concentrating their populations in smaller areas, cities and metros decrease human encroachment on natural habitats.

A range of economic, political,social, cultural and environmental factors affect urbanization. Urbanization is encouraged socially and culturally through the media. Cities have a strong socio-cultural impacts on their surrounding rural areas.

Urban living offers many benefits to residents including more job opportunities and higher incomes, and to businesses including lower input costs, greater collaboration and innovation opportunities. But urbanisation – especially if it is rapid – also brings challenges.

The following are the main disadvantages of big city life:

• High Cost of Living. The higher cost of living is the first disadvantage that people typically think of when considering moving to a city.
• Noise.
• Lack of Space.
• Lack of Parking.
• Higher Auto Insurance Premiums.
• Higher Crime Rates.

WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF RURAL LIFE?

• Road networks are usually in poor condition.
• Public transport is hopeless.
• There aren’t many shops. / You don’t get many shops.
• There isn’t much privacy because everyone knows what you are doing.
• There isn’t much nightlife.
• There aren’t many educational facilities.

Suburban Living The main disadvantage to life in the suburbs is that it takes longer to reach most destinations. Living in the suburbs and living in the city often makes for a long commute, especially since public transport is often harder to access.

The disadvantages are that it is hard to preserve their own cultural identity. Another disadvantage is that it can result in disagreements, conflicts and fights between the different people who are living together.

A closed society is one in which an individual’s role and function can theoretically never be changed, as in the traditional Hindu caste system. An open society, on the other hand, allows the individual to change his role and to benefit from corresponding changes in status.…