Sectarian divisions

The primary sources of Islamic law are the Holy Book (The Quran), The Sunnah (the traditions or known practices of the Prophet Muhammad ), Ijma’ (Consensus), and Qiyas (Analogy).

Primary sources

• Qur’an.
• Sunnah.
• Consensus.
• Analogical reason.
• Juristic preference.
• Public interest.
• Inference.
• Reason.

• Sunni Islam.
• Shia Islam.
• Kharijite Islam.
• Sunni.
• Shia.
• Ibadi.
• Sunni.

Sharia law is Islam’s legal system. It is derived from both the Koran, Islam’s central text, and fatwas – the rulings of Islamic scholars. Sharia literally means “the clear, well-trodden path to water”.

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In this article Dr Mustafa Shah outlines some of the most important textual sources of wisdom and authority in Islam, in both Sunni and Shi’a traditions. Among them are hadith, sunnah, shari’ah, tafsīr and kalam.

‘Islamic law’ refers to the diverse legal systems that have been and continue to be produced with the objective of being in accord with the Islamic faith. There are significant historical and substantive distinctions between ‘Islamic law’ and ‘Muslim legalities’ (the legal systems in use by Muslims).

Sharia comprises three basic elements: Aqidah concerns all forms of faith and belief in Allah, held by a Muslim. Fiqh governs the relationship between man and his Creator (ibadat) and between man and man (muamalat). Political, economic, and social activities fall within the ambit of muamalat.

Sharia, Sharia law or Islamic law is a set of religious principles which form part of the Islamic culture. The Arabic word sharīʿah (Arabic: شريعة‎) refers to the revealed law of God and originally meant “way” or “path”.

It contains the rules by which the Muslim world is governed (or should govern itself) and forms the basis for relations between man and God, between individuals, whether Muslim or non-Muslim, as well as between man and things which are part of creation.

Muslim jurists have divided rights into two categories: God’s rights and human rights. Divine rights in the jurists’ view, stand second to man’s rights. The Muslim jurists regarded human rights as an integral part of faith. of parents, neighbors, children, and wives, they also discussed civil rights.

Fard or its synonym wājib (واجب) is one of the five types of ahkam into which fiqh categorizes acts of every Muslim. The Hanafi fiqh, however, makes a distinction between wajib and fard, the latter being obligatory and the former merely necessary.

These rights are as follows: (1) The Right to Life, (2) The Right to Live in Dignity, (3) The Right to Justice, (4) The Right to Equal Protection of the Law, (5) The Right of Choice, (6) The Right of Free Expression, (7) The Right to Privacy, (8) The Right of Property, (9) The Right to Basic Necessities of Life and (10 …

It is a well-recognised fact that of all the rights human beings enjoy, none is more basic than the guarantee of the due process of law. Islam forbids all governments to deprive any person of their basic and necessary rights without due process of law.

Five Pillars

Islam is a universal religion sent for all of humanity. This is made abundantly clear when Allah Almighty says “We have sent you as a mercy for mankind.” Islam is meant to make an ideal, dignified and peaceful world.

Magna Carta

Monsieur René Cassin

The 30 universal human rights also cover up freedom of opinion, expression, thought and religion.

• 30 Basic Human Rights List.
• All human beings are free and equal.
• No discrimination.
• Right to life.
• No slavery.
• No torture and inhuman treatment.
• Same right to use law.
• Equal before the law.

These basic rights are based on shared values like dignity, fairness, equality, respect and independence. These values are defined and protected by law.

Human rights are universal and inalienable; indivisible; interdependent and interrelated. They are universal because everyone is born with and possesses the same rights, regardless of where they live, their gender or race, or their religious, cultural or ethnic background.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights – In six cross-cutting themes

• DIGNITY & JUSTICE. Dignity and justice for each and every human being is the promise of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
• DEVELOPMENT.
• ENVIRONMENT.
• CULTURE.
• GENDER.
• PARTICIPATION.

30 rights

The UDHR and other documents lay out five kinds of human rights: economic, social, cultural, civil, and political. Economic, social, and cultural rights include the right to work, the right to food and water, the right to housing, and the right to education.