While this approach has served the region well in the past, the drastic changes experienced since the 2008–2009 financial crisis and the challenges Asian countries are facing—growing inequalities and competition, on the one hand, and enhanced threats to the environment and people’s health on the other—have rendered …

The paper suggests that in these efforts ASEAN faces five major issues and challenges: enlargement, regional security cooperation, economic issues and cooperation, leadership transitions in ASEAN’s members, and the renewed problems in Cambodia.

Rather, Southeast Asia’s identity, which is the basis of the identity of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as a regional organisation, is socially and political constructed, through interactions amongst its governments and societies. ASEAN is not a region; Southeast Asia is.

As a regional grouping, ASEAN has four major weaknesses: The tendency to prioritize national over regional interests, weak leadership, ineffective bureaucratic structure and purely emulating the Western approach.

Regionalism has responded to cultural globalization through an increase in cultural identity and the rise of regionalist parties. Therefore, it has been properly argued that regionalism is in fact a building bloc of achieving global peace and cohesiveness through its more specified and regulative approach.

Examples of economic regionalism include free-trade areas, customs unions, common markets, and economic unions.

New regionalism, shift in national systems of administration and cultural, economic, and political organization following the Cold War. Its development ultimately led to regional organizations that were more open with respect to trade than those that had formed in the era of old regionalism.

Regionalization is defined as an increase in the cross-border flow of capital, goods, and people within a specific geographical area. In contrast, regionalism is defined as a political will (hence ism is attached as a suffix) to create a formal arrangement among states on a geographically restricted basis.

Breaking apart a large area into smaller regions is something known as the regionalization process. This is how geographers identify the parameters of regions within a greater area of space. For it to be useful, regionalization must break areas into practical units.

Regionalization may improve efficiency in the delivery of healthcare by reducing duplication of costly and scarce resources and infrastructure, as well as improving economies through higher case volumes and improved efficiency and economies of scale (cost advantages derived from advantageous purchasing, managerial and …