Causes of Electrical Faults Weather conditions: It includes lighting strikes, heavy rains, heavy winds, salt deposition on overhead lines and conductors, snow and ice accumulation on transmission lines, etc. These environmental conditions interrupt the power supply and also damage electrical installations.

Some of the possible causes of faults are,

• Overvoltage due to switching surges.
• Severe lightning strokes.
• Aging of conductor.
• Heavy wind, rains, and snowfall.
• Falling trees on the transmission line.
• Excessive internal and external stresses on the conductors.
• High changes in atmospheric temperatures.

Failure of insulation is the most common cause of problems in electrical equipment. The purpose of insulation is to prevent the flow of electric current between points of different potential in an electrical system.

Types of Faults

• Open Circuit Faults. These faults occur due to the failure of one or more conductors.
• Short Circuit Faults.
• Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Faults.
• Fuse.
• Circuit Breaker.
• Protective Relays.
• Lighting Arrestor.

well a three phase (LLLG)symmetrical fault is the most severe fault in any type of system when compared to any other fault. But this also the rarest fault occurring in a system. Whereas a LG fault is the most common fault and is more severe when the fault impedance is zero that is neutral is solidly grounded.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

• SINGLE PHASE. Single phase electrical systems have three wires within the installation.
• Two PHASE.
• THREE PHASE.
• UNIVERSAL VOLTAGE INPUT.

What Are Two Types of Electrical Circuits?

• Series Circuit. A series circuit has only one path for electricity to flow from one point to another.
• Parallel Circuit. A parallel circuit has multiple paths for electricity to flow from one point to another.
• Series-Parallel Circuit.
• Application to the Human Body.

The electrical system’s main function is to generate, store and supply the electric current to various systems of a vehicle. It operates the electrical components/parts in vehicles. These components include several electrical gauges, digital gadgets, power windows, central locking mechanisms, and many more.

A simple electric circuit contains a power source (battery), wires, and a resistor (light bulb). In a circuit, electrons flow from the battery, through the wires, and into the light bulb. When the bulb receives enough of these electrons it will light up.

The rules of the National Electrical Code are written for people who have a pre-existing knowledge of electricity. In order to make sense of the Code, you must first understand basic electrical concepts such as voltage, amperage, resistance, Ohm’s law, wattage, circuit theory and others.

A complete circuit is a complete loop with electricity flowing the way it’s supposed to flow: from the battery, to the component, and back to the battery again.

8 FUN Ways to Teach Your Kids About Electricity

1. Science Bob – Roll a Can with Static Electricity. Rev up those soda cans, because it’s time to race!
2. Education.com – Separate Salt and Pepper with Static Electricity.
3. Highlights – Pick Up the Popcorn Game This is a great game for those rainy days when you’re stuck inside and looking for a way to entertain the kids.

Electricity is made at a generating station by huge generators. Generating stations can use wind, coal, natural gas, or water. The current is sent through transformers to increase the voltage to push the power long distances. Smaller transformers reduce the voltage again to make the power safe to use in our homes.

Generating electrical energy Electrical energy is mostly generated in places called power stations. Most power stations use heat to boil water into steam which turns a steam engine. The steam engine’s turbine turns a machine called a ‘generator’. Coiled wires inside the generator are made to spin in a magnetic field.

Production is carried out in power stations (also called “power plants”). Electricity is most often generated at a power plant by electromechanical generators, primarily driven by heat engines fueled by combustion or nuclear fission but also by other means such as the kinetic energy of flowing water and wind.

To help a child understand the properties of static electricity, rub a balloon on your hair or a wool blanket or sweater, and watch how it sticks to the wall for a few moments. Explain that this is an example of negatively and positively charged atoms reacting to each other.

Electricity facts and figures

• Electricity travels at the speed of light, about 300,000 kilometres per second.
• A spark of static electricity can measure up to 3,000 volts.
• The average taser emits 50,000 volts.
• A bolt of lightning can measure up to three million (3,000,000) volts (and lasts less than one second).

The children learn that different power stations use different types of fuel including coal, oil, and even rubbish. All of these fuels are burned to make energy. They also learn that we can use the energy from the sun, wind and flowing water to make electricity.

Why Does Electricity Go to Ground? The negatively charged ground wire attracts the excess positive charge in your electrical lines, providing a safe outlet for the energy. This is called grounding, and it eliminates the dangers of fire and electrocution, which are high in ungrounded home electrical systems.

The current always flows from a higher potential to lower potential point in the circuit, i.e. to ground. However, if there is a path which is providing lower resistance than ground path, that means there is a potential point in the circuit, lower with reference to the ground.

Every electrical supply system uses a neutral conductor to return the current to the supply source. In addition, this neutral conductor is grounded. Under normal conditions, when electrical current flows along the grounded neutral conductor, a small portion of the current also flows through the earth.

It can’t flow “to” ground, because there is nowhere for it to flow to. There’s no difference between ground and a wire dangling in the breeze. Electricity flowing to ground in high voltage systems has nothing to do with the fact that they’re high voltage.

If the box is not grounded, you have two choices: Run a ground to the box. This would mean running a new wire back to the panel (could be bare copper, but if you’re doing the work may be better just to run a new wire – 14/3 would be the best), which could mean opening up drywall. Wire the fan without ground.

In Short if neutral wire touches a earth wire, An earth wire carrying load current is a risk of electric shock because a person touching this earth may present an alternative path for the load current and thus the risk of electric shock.