What was the fundamental cause of all conflicts in the Middle East? Nationalism that was driven by the mutual hatred of Arabs and Jews. Arabs refused to recognize Israel. There was religious intolerance between both groups.

Who was fighting: Egypt and Syria launched the Yom Kippur War, which lasted from October 6, 1973, to October 22, 1973, with air strikes against Israeli targets in the Suez Canal and Golan Heights.

Even though many of the Arabic Middle Eastern countries had been defeated by Israel in the Arab-Israeli War of 1948, smaller conflicts between Israel and various Arab nations continued through the 1950s and 1960s. However, the main reason behind the Suez Crisis was the Arab support for Palestinian attacks on Israel.

Israel maintains full diplomatic relations with two of its Arab neighbours, Egypt and Jordan, after signing peace treaties in 1979 and 1994 respectively. In 2020, Israel signed agreements establishing diplomatic relations with four Arab League countries, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Sudan and Morocco.

The Israeli victory in 1948 can also be attributed to the international support Israel received, notably the Balfour Declaration of 1917, in which the British promised to support the Zionist cause of establishing a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine.

On October 6, 1973, hoping to win back territory lost to Israel during the third Arab-Israeli war, in 1967, Egyptian and Syrian forces launched a coordinated attack against Israel on Yom Kippur, the holiest day in the Jewish calendar. Israel counterattacked and recaptured the Golan Heights.

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Following the announcement of an independent Israel, five Arab nations—Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon—immediately invaded the region in what became known as the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

South African Judge Richard Goldstone, writing in The New York Times in October 2011, said that while there exists a degree of separation between Israeli Jews and Arabs, “in Israel, there is no apartheid. Nothing there comes close to the definition of apartheid under the 1998 Rome Statute”.

Much of this land is now considered present-day Israel. Today, Palestine theoretically includes the West Bank (a territory that sits between modern-day Israel and Jordan) and the Gaza Strip (which borders modern-day Israel and Egypt). However, control over this region is a complex and evolving situation.

The Balfour Declaration, which resulted in a significant upheaval in the lives of Palestinians, was issued on November 2, 1917. The declaration turned the Zionist aim of establishing a Jewish state in Palestine into a reality when Britain publicly pledged to establish “a national home for the Jewish people” there.

Israel proclaimed its independence on 14 May 1948, after the end of the British Mandate, and immediately applied for membership in the United Nations. In a vote by the UN Security Council on Israel’s membership on 17 December 1948, the United Kingdom abstained in the vote.

Almost all US aid to Israel is now in the form of military assistance, while in the past it also received significant economic assistance. Others maintain that Israel is a strategic ally, and that US relations with Israel strengthen the US presence in the Middle East.

The movement, citing the biblical belief that God promised Palestine to the Jews, began to buy land there and build settlements to strengthen their claim to the land. At the time, these settlements, built largely on the coastal plain and in the north of the country, were called “Kibbutzim” and “Moshavim”.

Since the occupation of the West Bank in 1967, numerous United Nations resolutions, including 446, 452, 465, 471 and 476 affirm unambiguously that Israel’s occupation is illegal, and, since Resolution 446 adopted on 22 March 1979, have confirmed that its settlements there have no legal validity and pose a serious …

Palestine has been granted limited powers over the West Bank and Gaza Strip, while Israel still maintains the overarching authority over the area. Until Palestine can act independently of Israel’s rule, it cannot be considered a de facto state. Yet, Palestine argues that it has obtained de jure statehood.

The United States does not recognize the State of Palestine, but accepts the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) as a representative of the Palestinian people and the Palestinian National Authority as the authority legitimately governing the Palestinian territories under the Oslo Accords.

The territory is still considered to be occupied by Israel by the United Nations, International human rights organisations, and the majority of governments and legal commentators, despite the 2005 Israeli disengagement from Gaza.

Israel–Turkey relations were formalized in March 1949, when Turkey was the first Muslim majority country to recognize the State of Israel. Both countries gave high priority to military, strategic, and diplomatic cooperation, while sharing concerns with respect to the regional instabilities in the Middle East.

Effective Monday, Israelis cannot travel to India, Mexico, South Africa, Brazil, Ukraine, Ethiopia, or Turkey unless they receive special permission. Israelis may take connecting flights through those countries, provided the layover is shorter than 12 hours.

The Palestine–Turkey relations refer to the current and historical bilateral relationship between Turkey and Palestine. Turkey’s aid has been a source of humanitarian relief to Palestine, especially since the start of the Blockade of the Gaza Strip.

Peace between Egypt and Israel has lasted for more than thirty years and Egypt has become an important strategic partner of Israel. The Arab-Israeli conflict kept relations cool and anti-Israeli incitement is prevalent in the Egyptian media.