The bottom four needs in Maslow’s hierarchy, physiological, safety, social, and esteem needs, are referred to as deficiency needs, and the highest level, self-actualization, is considered a “growth need.”

The Thematic Apperception Test, or TAT, is a type of projective test that involves describing ambiguous scenes. Popularly known as the “picture interpretation technique,” it was developed by American psychologists Henry A.

A theory of motivation developed by Abraham Maslow; holds that humans have five levels of needs and act to satisfy their unmet needs. At the base of the hierarchy are fundamental physiological needs, followed in order by safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.

5. Self-actualization needs are the highest level in Maslow’s hierarchy, and refer to the realization of a person’s potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Maslow (1943) describes this level as the desire to accomplish everything that one can, to become the most that one can be.

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Which one of the following is the best way to manage stakeholders? Stakeholder communication requirements are captured in: Stakeholder Management Plan. Communications Management Plan….

1. Change management plan.
2. Communications management plan.
3. Stakeholder management plan.
4. Change log.

Your team and your project sponsor and their close team/contacts need regular weekly project communication and updates and as needed updates when you or they deem them necessary.

E-mail communication is most suited for: communicating routine information.

Verbal communication makes the conveying of thoughts faster and easier and is the most successful methods of communication.

Two-way communication is a form of transmission in which both parties involved transmit information. Two-way communication has also been referred to as interpersonal communication. Common forms of two-way communication are: Amateur radio, CB or FRS radio contacts.

Communicating by email is almost instantaneous, which enhances communications by quickly disseminating information and providing fast response to customer inquiries. It also allows for quicker problem-solving and more streamlined business processes. As a result, small business owners can accomplish more in less time.

Even though email is convenient, it is one of the worst means of effective communication. There is a good chance that the recipient is reading your message in a different way than you intended it. Also to confirm decisions, official announcements and for massive communication, email can be helpful.

Email can be an amazingly efficient communication medium on its own or serve as a complementary platform for other communications.

7. Email pros and cons

The recipient needs access to the internet to receive email. Viruses are easily spread via email attachments (most email providers scan emails for viruses on your behalf).

The Disadvantages of Gmail

• Storage. Keeping all your emails stored on the Web offers you easy access from multiple devices — but if you lose your Internet connection or Gmail suffers downtime, you can be left without access to your messages.
• Targeted Advertising.
• Google Integration.
• Labels, not Folders.
• Search Limitations.

The Disadvantages of Email for Internal Communications

• Email could potentially cause information overload.
• Email lacks a personal touch.
• Email can be disruptive.
• Email cannot be ignored for a long time.
• Email can cause misunderstandings.
• Email messages can contain viruses.
• Email should be kept short and brief.

• It makes correspondence instantly and eliminates unnecessary time between the communication people. Nowadays, you can check your email all over while on the go with the smartphones. Whether you are in the waiting room or stuck in traffic, Email can keep you busy. Using email on a smartphone can make your life easier.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Email

• It’s free! Once you’re online, there is no further expense.
• Easy to reference. Sent and received messages and attachments can be stored safely, logically and reliably.
• Easy to use.
• Easy to prioritize.
• Speed.
• Global.
• Good for the planet.
• Info at your fingertips.

10 Mistakes to Avoid When Writing an Email

• Forgetting attachments.
• Sending to the wrong recipient.
• Choosing a bad subject line.
• Using the wrong writing tone.
• Sending at a bad time.
• Replying to all (all the time)
• Neglecting your signature.
• Working with too many (bad) Fonts.

We have created a list of 9 things you should avoid in business emailing, to ensure your email campaign yields the desired results.

• Bad Email Signature.
• Gossips.
• Emojis.
• CAPS Letters.
• Informal Salutations.
• Jokes.
• Toxic Phrases.
• Not Business-oriented Content.

8 Words And Phrases That You Should Never Use In Formal Emails

• “I am forwarding…” or “I have forwarded…”
• “Please note that…”
• “Sincerely yours,”
• “I hope you are well.”
• “Respectfully,”
• “Kindly”
• “Please do not hesitate to contact me.”
• “I thought I should reach out.”

“A long email is a signal you’re using the wrong communication tool,” says Stringer. Referring to the 1950s research of Albert Mehrabian, who postulated that over 90 percent of communication is done through body language, Stringer says a lot of information is lost when trying to convey big ideas over email.

Rules for Short, Effective Emails

1. Keep it to 5 sentences. No more.
2. Figure out your main point. If you think you need more than 5 sentences, you haven’t figured out the key thing you want to say.
3. Ask one thing. Don’t ask 10 questions, just ask one.
4. Edit. If you stretched it to 8 sentences, cut out 3.
5. Link.
6. Post it.

Ideal Email Length Data suggests the ideal length of an email is between 50 and 125 words. Emails this length had a response rate above 50%. A similar study found emails with approximately 20 lines of text, or about 200 words, had the highest clickthrough rates. When in doubt, keep emails short and under 200 words.