Merton noted that the deviant response to strain was one of five responses he observed in society. He referred to such deviance as “innovation” while identifying the other responses to strain as conformity, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion.

Merton use to characterize members of a gang? People who reject both the existing values and the means of achieving them, but work to substitute new ones and reconstruct the social system would be what type, according to Robert K.

Strain theory is a sociology and criminology theory developed in 1938 by Robert K. Merton. The theory states that society puts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted goals (such as the American dream), though they lack the means.

Robert K. Merton

This section considers four theories that are commonly classified as “strain theories.” These theories include anomie theory (Merton, 1938), institutional anomie theory (Messner and Rosenfeld, 1994), general strain theory (Agnew, 1985 and 1992), and relative deprivation theory (Crosby, 1976; Davis, 1959; Gurr, 1970; …

General strain theory (GST) states that strains increase the likelihood of crime, particularly strains that are high in magnitude, are seen as unjust, are associated with low social control, and create some pressure or incentive for criminal coping.

General strain theory (GST) is a theory of criminology developed by Robert Agnew. Agnew supports this assumption but he also believes dealing with youth there are other factors that incite criminal behaviour. He suggests that negative experiences can lead to stress not only that are financially induced.

He assumes that stress leads to negative emotional states such as anger (violent behaviour) or depression (the use of drugs), which are conducive to different delinquent behaviour without adequate coping skills.

44) conceives of anomie as a social condition that promotes “the withdrawal of allegiance from social norms and high rates of deviance.” Thus, Messner reformulates anomie theory to argue that the pressure exerted by the condition of anomie explains the distribution of deviance across society, while the strain theory of …

One of the major weaknesses of early versions of strain theory was that, following Merton’s general lead, “success” was conceived and measured in largely economic terms; that is, the “success goal” was considered to be overwhelmingly related to the accumulation of money / wealth.

More weaknesses are that it ignores spontaneous crime in society, relies mostly on materialistic items, and also ignores people in upper classes of society.

General Strain Theory by definition is a logically sound theory, as it is not tautological, and can clearly be falsified.

Classical strain theory predicts that deviance is more likely to occur if one’s culturally determined aspirations for monetary success and the opportunity to achieve that success are not congruent.

When the response to strain is one of just anger, it is more likely the individual will engage in delinquency. When the response to strain is associated with guilt, delinquency is more likely….

• Criminal Subculture/Gangs.
• Conflict Subculture/Gangs.
• Retreatist Subculture/Gangs.

1 : an act of straining or the condition of being strained: such as. a : bodily injury from excessive tension, effort, or use heart strain especially : one resulting from a wrench or twist and involving undue stretching of muscles or ligaments back strain. b : excessive or difficult exertion or labor.

Strain is defined as to exert or stretch to the maximum or to injure by too much exertion. An example of strain is for a spectator to stretch over his seat to see a concert. The definition of a strain is a bodily injury due to overexertion or an excessive demand on resources. An example of strain is a pulled muscle.

Strain is simply the measure of how much an object is stretched or deformed. Strain occurs when force is applied to an object. Strain = Δ L L = Change in Length Original Length . /text{Strain}=/dfrac{/Delta L}{L}=/dfrac{/text{Change in Length}}{/text{Original Length}}. Strain=LΔL​=Original LengthChange in Length​.

Common Strain Injuries

• Hamstring Strain.
• Quadriceps Muscle Contusion.
• Calf Strain.
• Groin Strain.
• Rotator Cuff Tears.
• Rupture Long Head Biceps.
• Achilles Rupture.

Muscle strains can be categorized into three grades, based on severity:

• Grade 1: Mild damage to individual muscle fibers (less than 5% of fibers) that causes minimal loss of strength and motion.
• Grade 2: More extensive damage with more muscle fibers involved.
• Grade 3: Complete rupture of a muscle or tendon.

In response to stress, rock may undergo three different types of strain – elastic strain, ductile strain, or fracture.

• Elastic strain is reversible. Rock that has undergone only elastic strain will go back to its original shape if the stress is released.
• Ductile strain is irreversible.
• Fracture is also called rupture.

A grade three injury, where the muscle or ligament is completely torn, is considered the most severe strain or severe sprain.

Grade I strains heal within a few weeks. Grade II strains can take up to 3 months or longer. Grade III strains may require surgery and months of rehabilitation. A strain, or pulled muscle, is an injury to your muscle or tendon.

Check if you have a sprain or strain you have pain, tenderness or weakness – often around your ankle, foot, wrist, thumb, knee, leg or back. the injured area is swollen or bruised. you cannot put weight on the injury or use it normally. you have muscle spasms or cramping – where your muscles painfully tighten on their …

Your doctor may recommend the following at-home treatments:

1. Rest. Rest the muscle for a few days or until your doctor gives you the okay.
2. Ice. Apply ice to the injury for 20 minutes each hour you’re awake.
3. Compression. Wrapping the muscle with an elastic bandage can help bring down swelling.
4. Elevation.
5. Medication.
6. Heat.

You can work out if you’re sore. Don’t exercise the same muscle groups that are hurting. Do legs one day and exercise your upper body the next. By doing so, you’ll still be able to get exercise and allow your lower body to recover and rebuild.

Massage. Therapeutic massage helps loosen tight muscles and increase blood flow to help heal damaged tissues. Applying pressure to the injured muscle tissue also helps remove excess fluid and cellular waste products. A 2012 study found that massage immediately following an injury may even speed strained muscle healing.

It could be two weeks, or more gradually, over the course of a few months, depending on what kind of shape you were in to begin with. For runners, it is usually a slower process, because their muscles take longer to atrophy than those of weightlifters and bulkier types.