Each district includes a U.S. bankruptcy court as a unit of the district court. Four territories of the United States have U.S. district courts that hear federal cases, including bankruptcy cases: Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands. There are also two special trial courts.

The courts of record for Guam shall be the District Court of Guam, the Supreme Court of Guam, the Superior Court of Guam (except the Traffic and Small Claims divisions of the Superior Court of Guam) and any other local courts or divisions of local courts that the Supreme Court of Guam shall designate.

The territorial courts themselves, as article IV courts, also assume the jurisdiction of a United States bankruptcy court in their respective territories; they do not have separate bankruptcy courts under their supervision, as do the article III U.S. district courts.

Federal tribunals that serve as both federal and state courts in possessions of the United States—such as Guam and the Virgin Islands—that are not within the limits of any state but are organized with separate legislatures and executive and judicial officers appointed by the president.

1. Investigation.
2. Charging.
3. Initial Hearing/Arraignment.
4. Discovery.
5. Plea Bargaining.
6. Preliminary Hearing.
7. Pre-Trial Motions.
8. Trial.

After the bailiff has called the court to order, judge enters courtroom and sits at bench. The judge tells everyone, but the jury, to be seated. Ask bailiff to swear in the witness, then ask witness to state his or her name. Instruct attorney to begin direct examination.

After closing statements the Judge explains to the jury that they must ” make their decision based only the facts presented and not how the feel.” They also must all agree on a verdict of GUILTY and NOT GUILTY. After the jury has met, the jury spokesman will give the verdict when the Judge asks for it.

In other words, a witness might think they’re telling the truth but in reality the truth is something different from what they believe they saw. While unreliable witnesses sometimes come in the form of being honestly mistaken, they can also come in the form of willful liars.

Who can act as a witness to a signature? A party to a deed cannot be a witness to another signature to that deed. Legislation does not prohibit a signatory’s spouse, co-habitee or civil partner from acting as a witness and it is also generally acceptable for an employee of a party to witness that party’s signature.

Quite simply, no. The practice of witnessing a signature necessitates the signatory signing the document in the physical presence of the witness. This cannot be achieved remotely as the witnessing person could not testify with absolute confidence that the signatory has signed a given document.

Witnesses: an impartial person must witness you and your attorneys signing your LPA. You can’t witness your attorneys’ signatures and they can’t witness yours.

The evidence of a passenger in your vehicle or a friend or acquaintance is not considered as “independent” witness evidence. It is therefore very important that you talk to people nearby who could provide an unbiased account of the accident and find out exactly what they saw.

Generally, the person you choose to witness a document should have no financial or other interest in an agreement. A neutral third party is the best choice. A neutral third party is someone not related to either party and who does not benefit from the document.

To testify, a witness needs only the ability to recall what they have seen and heard, and be able to communicate what they recall. To communicate, the witness must be able to understand and respond to questions, and the witness must demonstrate the moral capacity to tell the truth.

[4] Whilst there is no statutory requirement for a witness to be “independent” (i.e. unconnected to the parties or subject matter of the deed), given that a witness may be called upon to give unbiased evidence about the signing, it is considered best practice for a witness to be independent and, ideally, not a spouse.