The rate of passive transport depends on the permeability of the cell membrane, which, in turn, depends on the organization and characteristics of the membrane lipids and proteins. The four main kinds of passive transport are simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, filtration, and/or osmosis.

Explanation: osmosis is the process in which water molecules move from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower potential down a water potential gradient across a partially permeable membrane, so little energy is required to carry out this process, thus it is a form or passive transport.

Three common types of passive transport include simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.

Active Transport is the term used to describe the processes of moving materials through the cell membrane that requires the use of energy. There are three main types of Active Transport: The Sodium-Potassium pump, Exocytosis, and Endocytosis.

Examples of Passive Transport

• simple diffusion.
• facilitated diffusion.
• filtration.
• osmosis.

[ Equilibrium / Diffusion ] is the simplest type of passive transport. The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called [ osmosis / diffusion ].

Active transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport that uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and secondary active transport that uses an electrochemical gradient.

noun. the movement of ions or molecules across a cellular membrane from a lower to a higher concentration, requiring the consumption of energy.

Six Different Types of Movement Across Cell Membrane

• Simple Diffusion.
• Facilitated Diffusion.
• Osmosis.
• Active Transport.
• Endocytosis.
• Exocytosis.

Examples of Active Transport in Animals and Humans

• Sodium-potassium pump (exchange of sodium and potassium ions across cell walls)
• Amino acids moving along the human intestinal tract.
• Calcium ions moving from cardiac muscle cells.
• Glucose moving in or out of a cell.
• A macrophage ingesting a bacterial cell.
• Enzyme secretion.

Secondary active transport uses the energy stored in these gradients to move other substances against their own gradients. As an example, let’s suppose we have a high concentration of sodium ions in the extracellular space (thanks to the hard work of the sodium-potassium pump).

There are two types of secondary active transport. One of which is where the molecules move in the same direction across the transport membrane, this is known as symport, involving symporters or exchangers. An example of secondary active transport is the movement of glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule.

Secondary active transport, is transport of molecules across the cell membrane utilizing energy in other forms than ATP. This energy comes from the electrochemical gradient created by pumping ions out of the cell. This Co-Transport can be either via antiport or symport.

Secondary Active Transport (Co-transport) The molecule of interest is then transported down the electrochemical gradient. While this process still consumes ATP to generate that gradient, the energy is not directly used to move the molecule across the membrane, hence it is known as secondary active transport.

In primary active transport, the energy is derived directly from the breakdown of ATP. In the secondary active transport, the energy is derived secondarily from energy that has been stored in the form of ionic concentration differences between the two sides of a membrane.

A. Simple diffusion does not require energy: facilitated diffusion requires a source of ATP. Simple diffusion can only move material in the direction of a concentration gradient; facilitated diffusion moves materials with and against a concentration gradient.

The secondary transport method is still considered active because it depends on the use of energy as does primary transport. Active Transport of Sodium and Potassium: Primary active transport moves ions across a membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient (electrogenic transport).

Unlike in primary active transport, in secondary active transport, ATP is not directly coupled to the molecule of interest. While this process still consumes ATP to generate that gradient, the energy is not directly used to move the molecule across the membrane, hence it is known as secondary active transport.

The process of petrol transportation from refineries to depots is called primary distribution and the process of petrol trans- portation from depots to petrol stations or other terminal customers is called secondary distribution. …

The sodium-potassium pump maintains the electrochemical gradient of living cells by moving sodium in and potassium out of the cell. The primary active transport that functions with the active transport of sodium and potassium allows secondary active transport to occur.

Na+/K+ ATPase pump The Na+/K+ ATPase pump is a pump found in the membrane of animal cell which uses the hydrolysis of ATP to pump 3Na+ out of the cell and 2K+ into the cell. It is a primary active transport and belongs to the family of P-type ATPases. The sodium-potassium pump is an antiporter transport protein.

In primary active transport, the carrier protein uses energy directly from ATP through hydrolysis. In secondary active transport, it uses energy stored in the concentration gradients of ions. Give and explain three examples of primary active transport.

Uptake of glucose in the human intestines is an example of primary active transport. Other sources of energy for primary active transport are redox energy (chemical reaction such as oxidation and reduction) and photon energy (light).

During active transport, substances move against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This process is “active” because it requires the use of energy (usually in the form of ATP).

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules, down the concentration gradient, through a partially permeable membrane. Active transport is the movement of solutes from an area of low concentration to high concentratio so against the concentration gradient. It may help to consider this as the opposite to osmosis.