Strictly speaking there are two broad types of volcano – a stratovolcano and a shield volcano, although there are lots of volcanic features that can form from erupted magma (such as cinder cones, or as lava domes) as well processes that shape volcanoes.

Volcanic Features and Landforms

• Craters. Craters form as the result of explosive eruptive activity at a volcanic vent where rock, magma, and other material is ejected leaving a conical void.
• Calderas.
• Diatremes and Maars.
• Lava Flows.
• Lava Tubes.
• Fumaroles.
• Geothermal Features.

The three types are composite volcanoes, shield volcanoes, or cinder cone volcanoes.

Volcanic landforms are divided into extrusive and intrusive landforms based on whether magma cools within the crust or above the crust. Rocks formed by the cooling of magma within the crust are called Plutonic rocks. Rocks formed by the cooling of lava above the surface are called Igneous rocks.

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Volcanoes are classified as active, dormant, or extinct. Active volcanoes have a recent history of eruptions; they are likely to erupt again. Dormant volcanoes have not erupted for a very long time but may erupt at a future time.

There are three main types of volcano – composite or strato, shield and dome. Composite Volcanoes. Composite volcanoes, sometimes known as strato volcanoes, are steep sided cones formed from layers of ash and [lava] flows. The eruptions from these volcanoes may be a pyroclastic flow rather than a flow of lava.

Volcanoes are classified by the eruption type and by the volcanic cone shape. There are three basic cone shapes and six eruption types. The three cone shapes are cinder cones, shield cones, and composite cones or stratovolcanoes.

Volcanic cones are of different types, depending upon the nature and size of the fragments ejected during the eruption. Types of volcanic cones include stratocones, spatter cones, tuff cones, and cinder cones.

Taal is defined as a “complex volcano” – it doesn’t have just one main vent or cone but several eruption points that have changed over time. Volcano Island alone has 47 craters and 4 maars – volcanic craters that form when hot magma comes into contact with shallow ground water, producing a violent steam explosion.

A volcano is an opening in the earth’s crust through which lava, volcanic ash, and gases escape. Beneath a volcano, liquid magma containing dissolved gases rises through cracks in the Earth’s crust.

There are six types of volcanoes. They make up all the volcanoes on Earth. The six types are Cinder Cone Volcano, Stratovolcano, Shield Volcano, Rhyolite caldera complexes, Monogenetic fields, and Flood Basalts.

basalt plateau

Formed from clashing of two tectonic plates – the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates, Mount Everest is not a volcano. The magma chamber is the pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth that can break the rocks around it and release upwards in the form of a volcano under huge pressure.

Volcanoes can be dangerous even when they’re not erupting, but there are different levels of risk depending on the state of the volcano. The first risk associated with an active volcano, even when it’s not erupting, is the potential for it to erupt at any time.

Earthquakes can cause damage by shaking, tsunami’s, and landslides. Volcanoes can cause damage by ash flows, release of gases, mudflows, lava flows, and landslides. However, earthquakes can cause disasters without the help of a volcano. Earthquakes generate seismic waves that can release great energy.

why are earthquakes dangerous? The damage caused by earthquakes is from ground shaking, ground rupture, landslides, tsunamis, and liquefaction. Earthquake damage from fires is the most important secondary effect.