The Twelve Fundamental Particles

The parts of an atom are protons, electrons, and neutrons. A proton is positively charged and is located in the center or nucleus of the atom. Electrons are negatively charged and are located in rings or orbits spinning around the nucleus.

Atomic diagrams were developed to explain the interaction of the elements of the Earth and space long before atoms could be observed. Nowadays, scientists can see particles that are smaller than an atom. These sub-atomic particles are the basis of particle physics.

Proton—positive; electron—negative; neutron—no charge. The charge on the proton and electron are exactly the same size but opposite. The same number of protons and electrons exactly cancel one another in a neutral atom.

James Chadwick

Neutron, neutral subatomic particle that is a constituent of every atomic nucleus except ordinary hydrogen. It has no electric charge and a rest mass equal to 1.67493 × 10−27 kg—marginally greater than that of the proton but nearly 1,839 times greater than that of the electron.

Answer and Explanation: The two subatomic particles that are attracted to each other are protons and electrons.

An atom is the smallest particle of an element, having the same chemical properties as the bulk element. The first accurate theory explaining the nature of matter was Dalton’s Atomic Theory: 1. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are indivisible and indestructible.

Protons are another type of subatomic particle found in atoms. They have a positive charge so they are attracted to negative objects and repelled from positive objects. Again, this means that protons repel each other (illustrated below).

Particles of matter of the same substance, such as the same element, are attracted to one another. The force of attraction tends to pull the particles closer together. The particles need a lot of kinetic energy to overcome the force of attraction and move apart.

Terms in this set (5) All matter is made of particles. Particles have space between them. Particles are always moving. Particles move faster and get farther apart when heated.

Solids

Solid

solids

gaseous state

gases

Energy: Light, heat, kinetic and potential energy, and sound are non-matter because they are massless. Objects that have mass and are matter may emit energy. For example, a swinging pendulum consists of matter, but its energy of motion is not matter.

Gas

A solid has definite volume and shape, a liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape, and a gas has neither a definite volume nor shape.

Liquids have the following characteristics: no definite shape (takes the shape of its container) has definite volume. particles are free to move over each other, but are still attracted to each other.

• The three basic properties of matter are volume, mass, and shape.
• All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
• Volume is the amount of space that matter takes up.
• Mass is the amount of matter an object has.
• Liquids take the shape of their container.