Examples of chemical changes are burning, cooking, rusting, and rotting. Examples of physical changes are boiling, melting, freezing, and shredding. Many physical changes are reversible, if sufficient energy is supplied.

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In a physical change the appearance or form of the matter changes but the kind of matter in the substance does not. However in a chemical change, the kind of matter changes and at least one new substance with new properties is formed.

A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. Physical properties include color, density, hardness, and melting and boiling points. A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change.

The change of one type of matter into another type (or the inability to change) is a chemical property. Examples of chemical properties include flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity (many types), and heat of combustion.

• Physical Properties:
• Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.
• Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity, and many others.

Colligative properties include vapor pressure, boiling point, freezing point, and osmotic pressure. The addition of a nonvolatile solute (one without a measurable vapor pressure) decreases the vapor pressure of the solvent.

Physical Properties

• color (intensive)
• density (intensive)
• volume (extensive)
• mass (extensive)
• boiling point (intensive): the temperature at which a substance boils.
• melting point (intensive): the temperature at which a substance melts.

Colligative properties are characteristics that a solution has that depend on the number, not the identity, of solute particles. In solutions, the vapor pressure is lower, the boiling point is higher, the freezing point is lower, and the osmotic pressure is higher.

Answers. Colligative properties are characteristics that a solution has that depend on the number, not the identity, of solute particles. In solutions, the vapor pressure is lower, the boiling point is higher, the freezing point is lower, and the osmotic pressure is higher.

Characteristics

• A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
• The particles of solute in a solution cannot be seen by the naked eye.
• A solution does not allow beams of light to scatter.
• A solution is stable.
• The solute from a solution cannot be separated by filtration (or mechanically).

The properties of a solution are:

• solutions are homogeneous mixtures.
• The particles of a solution are too small and we can’t see With our naked eye.
• they don’t show Tyndall effect, as the particles are too small.
• solutions can’t be separated by filtration.