Grand Theories of Nursing

Conflict theory focuses on the competition between groups within society over limited resources. Conflict theory views social and economic institutions as tools of the struggle between groups or classes, used to maintain inequality and the dominance of the ruling class.

Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations is an example of a middle-range descriptive classification theory. Middle-range explanatory theories specify relations between two or more concepts. Watson’s theory of human caring is an example of a middle-range explanatory theory.

• General Systems Theory – Imogene King.
• Modeling and Role Modeling Theory – Erickson, Tomlin, and Swain.
• Transcultural Nursing (formerly Culture-Care) – Madeleine Leininger.
• Conservation Model – Myra Estrine Levine.
• Health as Expanding Consciousness – Margaret Newman.

Nursing Theories and Models

• Introductory Readings.
• Sister Callista Roy: Adaptation Model of Nursing.
• Dorothea Orem: Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory.
• Synergy Model (AACN)
• Patricia Benner: Professional Advancement Model.
• Jean Watson: Theory of Human Caring.
• Madeleine Leininger: Cultural Care Diversity & Universality.

Florence Nightingale

George Dunn

Estelle Massey Osbourne

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