What are cultural particulars? A. Traits isolated from other traits in the same culture.

What distinction does Kottak draw between culture and society? A. Culture is the result of higher education, whereas society is shared by all people.

Enculturation. is the exchange of cultural features that results when two or more groups come into consistent firsthand contact. Anthropologists agree that cultural learning is uniquely elaborated among humans and that all humans have culture.

All human groups have culture. Human groups differ in their capacities for culture. Cultural learning is uniquely elaborated among humans. The capacity for culture is shared by all humans.

The classic anthropological definition of culture is “that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society” (E. B. Tylor 1871).

A culture represents the beliefs and practices of a group, while society represents the people who share those beliefs and practices. Neither society nor culture could exist without the other.

In addition to its intrinsic value, culture provides important social and economic benefits. With improved learning and health, increased tolerance, and opportunities to come together with others, culture enhances our quality of life and increases overall well-being for both individuals and communities.

Much of culture is acquired out of consciousness, through exposure to the speech, judgments, and actions of others. Because we learn all of our lives, we are constantly learning our cultures.

Most importantly the individual knows and establishes a context of boundaries and accepted behavior that dictates what is acceptable and not acceptable within the framework of that society. It teaches the individual their role within society as well as what is accepted behavior within that society and lifestyle.

Generally there are three types of cultural transmission: vertical, oblique, and horizontal [2]. Vertical refers to the passing on of cultural knowledge from parents/caregivers to children. In terms of the former, the two processes through which culture is learned and taught are enculturation and socialization.

Education plays a major role in transmission of culture; this is achieved when preservation is done from one generation to another. Culture can be developed through education. Education brings the desirable change in both the culture and values for the progress and development of the society.

An example of cultural transmission can be seen in post-World War II Japan during the American occupation of Japan. There were political, economic, and social changes in Japan influenced by America. Some changes were to their constitution, reforms, and consumption of media which was influenced by American occupiers.

Cultural transmission facilitates the spread of behaviours within social groups and may lead to the establishment of stable traditions in both human and non-human animals. The fidelity of transmission is frequently emphasized as a core component of cultural evolution and as a prerequisite for cumulative culture.

Definition. Cultural transmission is the process through which cultural elements, in the form of attitudes, values, beliefs, and behavioral scripts, are passed onto and taught to individuals and groups.

Cultural differences causes behavior and personality differences like body language, thinking, communication, manners, norms, etc. which leads to miscommunication. For example, in some cultures eye contact is important whereas in some it is rude and disrespectful.

Values and Beliefs: The differences in values and beliefs in cultures also create a barrier in communication. so the differences in their values and beliefs are also an example of cultural barriers. Body language and gestures: Body language and gestures are another elements of the cultural barrier.

Our culture shapes the way we work and play, and it makes a difference in how we view ourselves and others. It affects our values—what we consider right and wrong. This is how the society we live in influences our choices. But our choices can also influence others and ultimately help shape our society.

Culture influences healthcare at all levels, including communications and interactions with doctors and nurses, health disparities, health care outcomes, and even the illness experience itself. People in some cultures believe illness is the will of a higher power, and may be more reluctant to receive health care.