Heat is the quantity of thermal energy that enters or leaves a body. Temperature measures the average translational kinetic energy of the molecules in a body.

Heat is often called the “graveyard of kinetic energy”. Due to friction, kinetic energy is converted to heat and not potential energy; thus, the kinetic energy is “lost” since heat cannot easily be converted back into kinetic energy.

thermal energy

The macroscopic feature of objects with a higher heat is a higher temperature . Hotter objects have a higher average kinetic energy and a higher temperature; cooler objects have a lower average kinetic energy and a lower temperature.

Traditionally, thermodynamics has recognized three fundamental laws, simply named by an ordinal identification, the first law, the second law, and the third law. A more fundamental statement was later labelled as the zeroth law, after the first three laws had been established.

In the heating curve shown above, at what point do the molecules have the highest kinetic energy? Explanation: Remember, temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy. Therefore the kinetic energy will be the highest when the temperature is the highest.

The reason why hot objects are heavier is because E=mc^2. If you have absolutely identical objects that have the same weight exactly when they are at same temperature, then when one object is heated, it will weigh more. This is because the gravitational force depends on the stress energy tensor in general relativity.

solid state

“A solid has the least potential energy. The total energy within a substance is a sum of the potential + kinetic energies of the molecules. “A solid has the least potential energy.

Rajasthan clinched the top position in the list of states with the highest estimated solar energy potential in the country. It is having an aggregate solar power potential of 142.31 gigawatts (GWp).

The particles move farther apart and potential energy increases. Once a solid completely melts, the addition of thermal energy will cause the kinetic energy of the particles to increase again, as shown by a temperature increase.

This energy, called heat of fusion or heat of melting, is absorbed by the particles as potential energy as the solid changes to a liquid. The heat you add in the beginning will be absorbed as kinetic energy and the temperature of the solid will increase.

gaseous state

When energy is given to raise the temperature , particles speed up and they gain kinetic energy. When the substance melts or boils, energy is put in to breaking the bonds that are holding particles together, which increases the potential energy.

The changes that are endothermic require energy to be added to the substance. Changing ice to liquid requires energy be added to break the bonds between the water molecules in a hexagonal crystalline shape.

A potential energy diagram shows the change in potential energy of a system as reactants are converted into products. The activation energy for a reaction is illustrated in the potential energy diagram by the height of the hill between the reactants and the products.

There are many stores of energy , including:

• magnetic.
• internal (thermal)
• chemical.
• kinetic.
• electrostatic.
• elastic potential.
• gravitational potential.
• nuclear.

Stores of energy

• kinetic energy.
• internal energy.
• elastic potential energy.
• gravitational potential energy.
• electrical energy.
• magnetic energy.

Wasted Energy