Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a major crop and the main source of natural fiber worldwide. Because various abiotic and biotic stresses strongly influence cotton fiber yield and quality, improved stress resistance of this crop plant is urgently needed.

The abundance of organisms in an ecosystem and their distribution is affected by abiotic factors. These are factors that are non-living. light is required for photosynthesis , and plant species have evolved for optimum growth in the light available in their climate or habitat.

Climate change research has demonstrated that changing temperatures will have an effect on community-level dynamics by altering species survival rates, shifting species distributions, and ultimately, creating mismatches in community interactions.

Examples of abiotic factors are water, air, soil, sunlight, and minerals. Biotic factors are living or once-living organisms in the ecosystem. These are obtained from the biosphere and are capable of reproduction. Examples of biotic factors are animals, birds, plants, fungi, and other similar organisms.

Sunlight, air, soil, rock, minerals, water, etc. are all biotic factors. Air also interacts with plants, helping them grow by providing a source of carbon (CO2) and other nutrients. In general, abiotic factors like rock, soil, and water interact with biotic factors in the form of providing nutrients.

Ecology is the study of interaction between biotic and abiotic factors.

The living parts of an ecosystem are called biotic factors while the environmental factors that they interact with are called abiotic factors.

Biotic factors are the living components of an ecosystem. They are sorted into three groups: producers or autotrophs, consumers or heterotrophs, and decomposers or detritivores.

In ecology, a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other. They can be either of the same species (intraspecific interactions), or of different species (interspecific interactions). A long-term interaction is called a symbiosis.

An organism’s interactions with its environment are fundamental to the survival of that organism and the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole. Primary Succession is a series of changes that occur in an area where no soil or organisms live.

Give Me a Little Air The atmosphere provides oxygen and carbon dioxide for the plants and animals in an ecosystem. The atmosphere is also part of the water cycle.