Semantic meaning is derived from the words themselves and how they are arranged into sentences. Specific language means using words that clarify semantic meaning by appealing to the senses.

A lexicon is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical). In some analyses, compound words and certain classes of idiomatic expressions, collocations and other phrases are also considered to be part of the lexicon.

Every human knows at least one language, spoken or signed. Linguistics is the science of language, including the sounds, words, and grammar rules. When you know a language, you know words in that language, i.e. sound units that are related to specific meanings.

Phonemes. A phoneme is the basic unit of phonology. It is the smallest unit of sound that may cause a change of meaning within a language, but that doesn’t have meaning by itself. For example, in the words “bake” and “brake,” only one phoneme has been altered, but a change in meaning has been triggered.

While speech involves the physical motor ability to talk, language is a symbolic, rule governed system used to convey a message. Some of these “rule” systems that govern a language include phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

These include morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics and phonology. Morphology is the study of word structure. It describes how words are formed out of more basic elements of language called morphemes. A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.

There are five basic elements of public speaking that are described in this theory: the communicator, message, medium, audience and effect.

Direct speech describes when something is being repeated exactly as it was – usually in between a pair of inverted commas. Indirect speech will still share the same information – but instead of expressing someone’s comments or speech by directly repeating them, it involves reporting or describing what was said.

Direct Speech: In direct speech, the actual words (with no change) of speaker are quoted. There is always a comma or a colon after “said” that introduces the spoken words. Example: He said, “I am going to School” Indirect Speech: In indirect speech, the actual words of the speaker are changed.

When the direct question starts with a question word like how, what, when, where, which, who, whose, or why (called interrogative pronouns or interrogative adjectives), the indirect question will start with the question word, but the word order is like a statement not like a question.

Direct speech is a sentence in which the exact words spoken are reproduced in speech marks (also known as quotation marks or inverted commas). For example: “You’ll never guess what I’ve just seen!” said Sam, excitedly.