Antimony is a semi-metal. In its metallic form it is silvery, hard and brittle.

Reaction of scandium with water When finely divided, or heated, scandium metal dissolves in water to form solutions containing the aquated Sc(III) ion together with hydrogen gas, H2.

Scandium and yttrium are included in the rare-earth metals because their chemical properties are similar to those of the lanthanides. Rare-earth metals are not only used in smart- phones but in many other high-tech devices, too.

In fact, according to a study, within a decade smartphones could account for 3.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions. By 2040 that number could well rise to 14%. “This would result in the industry using approximately 20% of all of the world’s electricity by 2025,” the World Economic Forum explains.

Scandium is a silvery metal that is soft and has a density of about three times that of water.

Antimony poisoning, harmful effects upon body tissues and functions of ingesting or inhaling certain compounds of antimony. Such poisoning resembles arsenic poisoning.

Poisoning by antimony ingestion manifests as gastric distress, and large doses cause vomiting, and kidney and liver damage, followed by death a few days later.

It has also been listed as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Breathing air contaminated with antimony can cause eye and lung irritation, heart and lung damage, stomach pains, diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach ulcers.

Short-term exposure (over days or weeks) to antimony in drinking water at very high concentrations (above 30 mg/L) can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The risk to human health is through ingestion only – drinking, cooking, teeth brushing.

Symptoms of severe antimony poisoning include vomiting, watery diarrhea, collapse, irregular respiration, and hypothermia. A single dose of potassium antimony tartrate (equivalent to 0.53 mg Sb/kg) produced vomiting (Dunn, 1928).

Acute (short-term) exposure to antimony by inhalation in humans results in effects on the skin and eyes. Respiratory effects, such as inflammation of the lungs, chronic bronchitis, and chronic emphysema, are the primary effects noted from chronic (long-term) exposure to antimony in humans via inhalation.

It is a highly brittle, bluish-white, semi-metallic element. Interesting Antimony Facts: Antimony was used in ancient Egypt as a form of eyeliner (kohl). Other items made of antimony have been found dating back to 3000 BC in Chaldea (Iraq).

The following treatment methods have been approved by EPA for removing antimony: Coagulation/Filtration, Reverse Osmosis.

Long-term exposure to low levels of inorganic arsenic in drinking water is known to cause human health problems including: cancer, thickening and discoloration of the skin, problems with blood vessels, high blood pressure, heart disease, nerve effects including numbness and/or pain, and interference with some important …

Long-term exposure to arsenic from drinking-water and food can cause cancer and skin lesions. It has also been associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In utero and early childhood exposure has been linked to negative impacts on cognitive development and increased deaths in young adults.

Arsenic occurs naturally in the earth’s crust. Most arsenic in drinking water comes from natural rock formations. As water flows through these formations, it can dissolve arsenic and carry it into underground aquifers, streams, or rivers that may become drinking water supplies.