Pure acids in the liquid state are exceedingly poor conductors of electricity. The fact that aqueous solutions of acids conduct electricity is definite evidence of the existence of ions in these solutions. Acids undergo dissociation in aqueous solution to form H+ ions.

99’97 per cent, it behaves as a metallic conductor in possessing a negative temperature coefficient.

Nitric acid is a strong oxidizing agent. It ionizes readily in solution, forming a good conductor of electricity.

Strong acids and salts are strong electrolytes because they completely ionize (dissociate or separate) in solution. The ions carry the electric charge through the solution thus creating an electric current.

Hydrochloric acid

Glucose (sugar) readily dissolves in water, but because it does not dissociate into ions in solution, it is considered a nonelectrolyte; solutions containing glucose do not, therefore, conduct electricity.

When glucose is added to water it readily dissolves but it does not dissociate into ions. Therefore, the glucose solution is a non-electrolyte and is a poor conductor of electricity.

Result: The solution of glucose and alcohol do not give up H+ions in their solution forms, hence they are not classified as acids.

No, alcohol does not conduct electricity because it is a covalent compound. Being, a stable compound, it does not ionize in water because bonding within the alcohol molecule is strong enough to avoid the breaking of bonds by the water molecules. So, alcohol does not conduct electricity.

Alcohol (isopropyl alcohol, ethanol and isopropanol) is a polar solvent (very conductive) and is potentially corrosive (contains water). Not recommended as a carrier solvent. Alcohol is not recommended in concentrations greater than 3% of the total formulation.

It sounds crazy, but it’s true! This is because salt water is a good conductor of electricity which makes ocean water a resource for renewable energy. Salt molecules are made of sodium ions and chlorine ions. In short, salt water can help to produce electricity.

Pure water forms very few ions and does not conduct electricity very well. However, many compounds such as salt that do form ions dissolve in water allowing the solution to conduct electricity. Some liquids such as oil or alcohol do not form ions and do not conduct electricity.

The liquids conduct electricity only if they can produce ions in the solution. Alcohol does not dissociate into ions, thus is a bad conductor of electricity.

Some ingredient list is vague whereas some are very precise, and yet some are extremely long. Whichever the case, we are still unclear if there is any electrically conductive material inside the hand sanitizer. Just don’t spray your device with hand sanitizer. It might cause a short-circuit.

Phenols have a hydroxyl group directly linked to the ring, whereas alcohols, as non-aromatic compounds, have a hydroxyl group linked to the main chain. The difference is one is cyclic, and the other is non-cyclic.

Phenols are stronger acids than alcohols, but they are still quite weak acids. A typical alcohol has a pKa of 16–17. In contrast, phenol is 10 million times more acidic: its pKa is 10. Phenol is more acidic than cyclohexanol and acyclic alcohols because the phenoxide ion is more stable than the alkoxide ion.

The ferric chloride test is used to determine the presence of phenols in a given sample or compound (for instance natural phenols in a plant extract). Enols, hydroxamic acids, oximes, and sulfinic acids give positive results as well.

The electron-withdrawing character of the phenyl group makes phenol more acidic than typical alcohols. For example, phenol can be extracted from organic solvents into aqueous NaOH solution due to formation of NaOPh. This would not happen with a typical alcohol like 1-octanol. In some reactions phenol is like alcohol.

A phenol consists of an -OH bonded to an unsaturated sp2 carbon. Thus, it does not qualify as an alcohol. One can classify it as an enol, though.

Alcohols are very weak Brønsted acids with pKa values generally in the range of 15 – 20. Because the hydroxyl proton is the most electrophilic site, proton transfer is the most important reaction to consider with nucleophiles.

around 5 – 6

Aqueous solutions of phenol are weakly acidic and turn blue litmus slightly to red. Phenol is neutralized by sodium hydroxide forming sodium phenate or phenolate, but being weaker than carbonic acid, it cannot be neutralized by sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate to liberate carbon dioxide.

6.2 to 8.2

Picric acid is the strongest acid due to the presence of three (NO2) group (-R and -I effect).

In ‘D’ the NO2 groups is flasked by two -CH3 groups which push the NO2 group out of plane of the benzene ring. As a result of this steric hinderance, the electron withdrawing resonance effect of the -NO2 group will be reduced and as such ‘D’ will be a weaker acid than ‘B’. Therefore ‘B’ is the strongest acid.

Among the following, least acidic is O-Cresol as it has the electron donating group CH3 at ortho position which destabilises the phenoxide ion and hence less acidic.

Phenol are more acidic than aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol and also more acidic than alcohols such as cyclohexanol. Cl at the m-position w.r.t. OH group exerts only I effect and thus m-chlorophenol is the stonger acid than phenol.

Proton

Answer: HFSO3 is the strongest acid.

Oxygen, as the more electronegative element, holds more tightly to its lone pair than the nitrogen. The nitrogen lone pair, therefore, is more likely to break away and form a new bond to a proton – it is, in other words, more basic.