In OOP, IS-A relationship is completely inheritance. This means, that the child class is a type of parent class. For example, an apple is a fruit. A HAS-A relationship is dynamic (run time) binding while inheritance is a static (compile time) binding.

It is also used for code reusability in Java. In Java, a Has-A relationship simply means that an instance of one class has a reference to an instance of another class or an other instance of the same class. For example, a car has an engine, a dog has a tail and so on.

Association is a “has-a” type relationship. Association establish the relationship b/w two classes using through their objects. Association relationship can be one to one, One to many, many to one and many to many.

Inheritance is “IS-A” type of relationship. “IS-A” relationship is a totally based on Inheritance, which can be of two types Class Inheritance or Interface Inheritance. Inheritance is a parent-child relationship where we create a new class by using existing class code. It is just like saying that “A is type of B”.

Explanation: There are basically four types of class relationships namely Inheritance, Aggregation, Composition and Association relationships between classes.

An association relationship can be represented as one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many (also known as cardinality). Essentially, an association relationship between two or more objects denotes a path of communication (also called a link) between them so that one object can send a message to another.

The relationship between objects defines how these objects will interact or collaborate to perform an operation in an application. The relationship between objects defines how these objects will interact or collaborate to perform an operation in an application.

Advocate for increased investment in mitigation and resilient infrastructure to reduce the cost of insurance and post-disaster repairs.

1. Reduce Loss Exposures.
2. Promote Robust Competitive Markets.
3. Educate Insurance Consumers.
4. Reduce Uninsured Risk.
5. Eliminate Unnecessary Cost Drivers.

Analysis is a difficult activity because one has to understand the problem in some application domain and then has to define a solution that can be implemented with any software. Business object analysis is a process of understanding the system’s requirements and establishing the goals of an application.

What is the primary concern of the macro process? A . A Domain object model is by and large executed as an object model inside a layer that uses a lower-level layer for determination and “distributes” an API to a more elevated amount layer to access the information and behaviour of the model.

Object Oriented Methodology (OOM) is a system development approach encouraging and facilitating re-use of software components.

4 Advantages of Object-Oriented Programming

• Modularity for easier troubleshooting. Something has gone wrong, and you have no idea where to look.
• Reuse of code through inheritance.
• Flexibility through polymorphism.
• Effective problem solving.

3. Rumbaugh ET AL’s Object Modeling Technique: Four phases of OMT (can be performed iteratively)  Analysis: objects,dynamic and functional models  System Design: Basic architecture of the system.  Object Design: static, dynamic and functional models of objects.

The data-centered design approach enables us to capture more details of a model in an implementable form. Object-oriented systems can be easily upgraded from small to large systems. Message passing techniques for communication between objects make the interface descriptions with external systems much simpler.

The analysis phase starts with defining a problem statement which includes a set of goals. System design – The system design phase comes after the analysis phase. System design phase determines the overall system architecture using subsystems, concurrent tasks and data storage.

The Booch method includes six types of diagrams such as class diagrams, object diagrams, state transition diagrams, module diagrams, process diagrams and interaction diagrams.

The Rumbaugh methodology has its primary strength in object analysis but it also does an excellent job with object design. Rumbaugh has three deliverables to the object analysis phase; the Object model, the Dynamic model, and the functional model.

Explanation: Objects are independent. 2. What encapsulates both data and data manipulation functions ? Explanation: In polymorphism instances of each subclass will be free to respond to messages by calling their own version of the method.

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Object Oriented Development (OOD) has been touted as the next great advance in software engineering. It promises to reduce development time, reduce the time and resources required to maintain existing applications, increase code reuse, and provide a competitive advantage to organizations that use it.

A class is a template for objects. A class also describes object behavior. An object is a member or an “instance” of a class. An object has a state in which all of its properties have values that you either explicitly define or that are defined by default settings.

For example: in real life, a car is an object. The car has attributes, such as weight and color, and methods, such as drive and brake. A Class is like an object constructor, or a “blueprint” for creating objects.

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