From the equation, r is the distance from the center of the tube. When r = 0, you’re considered to be at the centerline and the expression has the highest value. Therefore, the velocity of a viscous fluid is greatest at the center of the tube.

Other than normal friction, liquids have a natural type of magnetic attraction to itself and to surfaces. That is also why liquids create the capillary action. As a consequence the liquid can flow faster in the centre of the pipe were there is less attraction to the surface of the pipe.

The pipe is narrower at one spot than along the rest of the pipe. By applying the continuity equation, the velocity of the fluid is greater in the narrow section. It is this pressure difference, in fact, that causes the fluid to flow faster at the place where the pipe narrows.

The narrower the tube, the faster the speed of fluid flow, At a narrow point, if the mass flow rate of the whole system is constant, the flow rate will have to increase, and increasing the flow rate will have to increase the upstream pressure. So the pressure in the upstream of the pipe is increased.

Friction and the Laminar Sub Layer Because of friction caused by the pipe wall the fluid moves slower near the wall. This slow moving fluid is known as the laminar sublayer.

1. Clear the Clogs. Over time, your pipes can develop a buildup of mineral deposits.
2. Open Wide. The next solution requires little more than a few minutes of investigative work.
3. Replace the Regulator.
4. Look Out for Leaks.
5. Install a Water Pressure Booster Pump.

When the diameter of the downstream pipe decreases, the pressure of the upstream pipe increases. Therefore, the pressure at the reduced pipe diameter is lower than that at the upstream.

To reduce the pressure in a pipe in the long run (without installing a pressure relief system), you need to reduce the ration of fluid to pipe at any given moment. That means, 1. you actually reduce the amount of fluid going into the system, or 2. you increase the pipe size of the system.

As you well know, Bernoulli’s Principle essentially says (paraphrased) that as the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure of that fluid decreases. Thus if the pipe were to remain the same size, the velocity in the pipe would decrease, resulting in an increase in pressure (according to Bernoulli’s Principle again.)

Pipe diameter is also an extremely important factor when calculating head pressure. As a general rule of thumb, using a smaller diameter pipe than the return pump output will drastically increase head pressure. For minimum head pressure, using the largest diameter pipe possible is best.

“In a water flowing pipeline, if the diameter of a pipe is reduced, the pressure in the line will increase. Bernoulli’s theorem says that there should be a reduction in pressure when the area is reduced. The narrower the pipe, the higher the velocity and the greater the pressure drop.

The pressure totally depends on the height difference between the tank water level and your tap point… But increasing the pipe dia does allow a higher amount of water to be available, thereby increasing the flow rate – but pressure stays same. A constriction in a pipe reduces it’s diameter from 4.0cm to 2.0cm.

In a fluid passing through a pipe, a reduction in the diameter of the pipe can compress the flowing fluid. It flows faster, which increases the flow rate. And if the diameter increases, then the flow rate reduces.

The equation states that flow rate is proportional to the radius to the fourth power, meaning that a small increase in the internal diameter of the cannula yields a significant increase in flow rate of IV fluids. The radius of IV cannulas is typically measured in “gauge”, which is inversely proportional to the radius.

For an increased diameter and constant pressure, the volume flow of your fluid should be increased significantly.

Flow rate varies inversely to length, so if you double the length of the pipe while keeping the diameter constant, you’ll get roughly half as much water through it per unit of time at constant pressure and temperature.

Flow rate is the effect. Higher pressure causes increased flow rate. If the flow rate increases, it is caused by increased pressure.

For the same flow rate, fluid velocity will increase as pipe diameter decreases. Therefore the pressure drop due to friction loss will be much greater due to this increase in velocity.

If the flow area increases through an expansion or diffuser, the velocity will decrease and result in an increase in the static pressure. If the pipe diameter is constant, the velocity will be constant and there will be no change in pressure due to a change in velocity.

Flow rate is the volume of fluid per unit time flowing past a point through the area A. Here the shaded cylinder of fluid flows past point P in a uniform pipe in time t. The volume of the cylinder is Ad and the average velocity is ¯¯¯v=d/t v ¯ = d / t so that the flow rate is Q=Ad/t=A¯¯¯v Q = Ad / t = A v ¯ .

Factors that affect fluid flow

• The viscosity, density, and velocity of the fluid.
• Changes in the fluid temperature will change the viscosity & density of the fluid.
• The length, inner diameter, and in the case of turbulent flow, the internal roughness of the pipe.

There are three physical properties of fluids that are particularly important: density, viscosity, and surface tension.

Three Key Factors to Consider for Liquid Flow Measurement

• Viscosity and Transparency. The first and probably most important factor to take into account is the viscosity of the liquid being considered.
• Flow Sensor Bodies and Hazardous Chemicals.
• Flow Range Needed.

Without flows our natural and technical world would be different, and might not even exist at all. Flows are therefore vital. Flows are everywhere and there are flow-dependent transport processes that supply our body with the oxygen that is essential to life.

Temperature, density, pressure, and specific enthalpy are the thermodynamic properties of the fluids.

Fluid helps to protect and cushion joints and organs. Fluid helps to prevent dehydration. Dehydration causes headaches, fatigue, confusion and irritability. Fluid helps your kidneys work to produce urine and remove waste from the body.

Flow patterns in a fluid (gas or liquid) depend on three factors: the characteristics of the fluid, the speed of flow, and the shape of the solid surface. Three characteristics of the fluid are of special importance: viscosity, density, and compressibility.

Fluid flow has all kinds of aspects — steady or unsteady, compressible or incompressible, viscous or non-viscous, and rotational or irrotational, to name a few. Some of these characteristics reflect the properties of the liquid itself, and others focus on how the fluid is moving.

Type of Fluid Flow. Fluid flow is generally broken down into two different types of flows, laminar flow and turbulent flow.

Question: The driving force for fluid flow is the pressure difference, and a pump operates by raising the pressure of a fluid (by converting the mechanical shaft work to flow energy). A gasoline pump is measured to consume 5.2 kW of electric power when operating.