How were the unifications of Italy and Germany similar? Both used military force to unify various territories. Which of these factors did not strengthen nationalism? Who originated the political style known as realpolitik?

The unification of Germany was relatively easier than that of Italy. Unlike the Italians, the Germans had a Confederation Parliament and a Custom Union (Zollverein) which brought some form of political and economic unity. The actual unification of Italy took a longer period compared to that of the Germans.

The unification of Germany into a politically and administratively integrated nation state officially occurred on 18 January 1871 when Bismarck brought all territory under Prussian control and crowning Wilhelm I Kaiser of Germany. In 1861, Italy was declared a united nation state by Camillo di Cavour.

The similarities between the 2 unification were that they both involved military conquests, and both were aided by fellow European countries. Although they were years apart both had a strong impact on the history surrounding them. Both had a strong impact on the history surrounding them.

The similarity between the methods that Cavour and Bismarck used in their attempts to unify their respective nations can be summed up in their employment of the concepts of realpolitik, war, and diplomatic manipulation. Both men were strong nationalists and monarchists, but that seems to be where their ideals ended.

Summary. Whereas Camillo di Cavour directed Italian unification, a Junker (the Prussian name for an aristocratic landowner from old Prussia in the east) named Otto von Bismarck pushed German unification through “blood and iron” and skillful understanding of realpolitik.

German unification was the immediate result of: Napoleon Bonaparte’s surrender at the Battle of Waterloo. Otto von Bismarck’s wars with Denmark, Austria, and France. Maria Theresa’s reign as an enlightened despot.

France was heavily defeated in the Franco-Prussian War. Napoleon III was overthrown by a French rebellion. The circumstances leading to the war caused the southern German states to support Prussia. This alliance led to the unification of Germany.

Prussia

In the 1860s, Otto von Bismarck, then Minister President of Prussia, provoked three short, decisive wars against Denmark, Austria, and France, aligning the smaller German states behind Prussia in its defeat of France. In 1871 he unified Germany into a nation-state, forming the German Empire.

Otto Von Bismarck

Austria

Weimar Republic

After the war between Austria and Prussia of 1866, Prussia led the Northern states into a federal state called North German Confederation of 1867–1870. The Southern states joined the federal state in 1870/71, which was consequently renamed German Empire (1871–1918).

The German Empire consisted of 26 states, most of them ruled by royal families. They included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory….Bismarck era.

He defined the Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) as the “First Reich”, and the German Empire (1871–1918) as the “Second Reich”, while the “Third Reich” was an ideal state including all German peoples, including Austria. In the modern context the term refers to Nazi Germany.

Contents

• Kingdoms (Königreiche)
• Grand Duchies (Großherzogtümer)
• Duchies (Herzogtümer)
• Principalities (Fürstentümer)
• Free Hanseatic cities (Freie Hansestädte)
• Free State (Freistaat)

The German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, most ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory.

Germania

1942

1871

For example, in the German language, the country is known as Deutschland from the Old High German diutisc, in Spanish as Alemania and in French as Allemagne from the name of the Alamanni tribe, in Italian as Germania from the Latin Germania (although the German people are called tedeschi), in Polish as Niemcy from the …

Germany borders the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, and Denmark to the north, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France to the west, Switzerland, and Austria in the south, the Czechia and Poland in the east.

“Germans are a Germanic (or Teutonic) people that are indigenous to Central Europe… Germanic tribes have inhabited Central Europe since at least Roman times, but it was not until the early Middle Ages that a distinct German ethnic identity began to emerge.”

The earliest extensive Germanic text is the (incomplete) Gothic Bible, translated about 350 ce by the Visigothic bishop Ulfilas (Wulfila) and written in a 27-letter alphabet of the translator’s own design….Germanic languages.

North Germanic peoples are sometimes called Nordic peoples by historians. Along with the Germans, the English and the Dutch, they constitute one of the main branches of the Germanic peoples.

Historically the heritage of the French people is mostly of Celtic or Gallic, Latin (Romans) origin, descending from the ancient and medieval populations of Gauls or Celts from the Atlantic to the Rhone Alps, Germanic tribes that settled France from east of the Rhine and Belgium after the fall of the Roman Empire such …

The six territories widely considered Celtic nations are Brittany (Breizh), Cornwall (Kernow), Wales (Cymru), Scotland (Alba), Ireland (Éire) and the Isle of Man (Mannin, or Ellan Vannin).

It’s believed that the Celtic culture started to evolve as early as 1200 B.C. The Celts spread throughout western Europe—including Britain, Ireland, France and Spain—via migration. Their legacy remains most prominent in Ireland and Great Britain, where traces of their language and culture are still prominent today.

Democratic Republic of Congo