Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere, Thermosphere. In the mesosphere, the temperature again decreases with height. In the lower thermosphere, the temperature increases with height (another inversion) because the charged particles from the sun interact with atmospheric molecules and heat up the thermosphere.

Altitude. Pressure in the troposphere varies depending on several factors. The standard air pressure at sea level is 14.7 pounds per square inch, or about 100 kilopascals. Air pressure is so minimal at the top of the thermosphere that an air molecule can travel large distances before hitting another air molecule.

2 Answers. The density of the thermosphere is 910km – 410km approx.

The layer of very rare air above the mesosphere is called the thermosphere. High-energy X-rays and UV radiation from the Sun are absorbed in the thermosphere, raising its temperature to hundreds or at times thousands of degrees. However, the air in this layer is so thin that it would feel freezing cold to us!

E. The thermosphere contains a layer of charged particles called the ionospherewhich makes communication by radio wavespossible and is home to theaurora borealis(Northern Lights). This is the layer in which flew before it was grounded within the last decade..

The thermosphere is directly above the mesosphere and below the exosphere. The thermosphere is typically about 200° C (360° F) hotter in the daytime than at night, and roughly 500° C (900° F) hotter when the Sun is very active than at other times.

The thermosphere is the fourth layer, and it absorbs the sun’s radiation, making it very hot. The thermosphere puts on a dazzling light show (the auroras) cause by colliding particles, and the thermosphere is also where satellites orbit the Earth. The thermosphere is one busy layer!

Fact Sheet

• The troposphere contains 75% of the atmosphere’s total mass.
• In either space or time the troposphere is not constant.
• Weather occurs in the troposphere.
• The troposphere is 10 miles from the equator.
• The troposphere is 5-7 miles above the poles.
• Does not contain ozone.

The Troposphere

mesosphere

The atmosphere and the surface of the Earth together absorb 71 percent of incoming solar radiation, so together, they must radiate that much energy back to space for the planet’s average temperature to remain stable.

1.2. 5.2 Ionosphere

• Definition Source: Satellite Environment Handbook.
• 1.2.5.2.1 D Region: The lowest layer of the ionosphere extending from approximately 60-85 km and dominated by NO+ ions generated by apsorption of Lyman-Alpha radiation.

At night, the recombination process takes over in the absence of sunlight, and the number of ions drops. Over the course of most nights, the D region disappears entirely and the E region weakens as the number of ions in that layer plummets.

Explanation: F layer is the top layer in the ionosphere and is also present at the night time. So it is used for the long distance sky wave propagation and also its ionization density is high. D layer is not present during night hours.

stratosphere

The ionized part of the Earth’s atmosphere is known as the ionosphere. Ultraviolet light from the sun collides with atoms in this region knocking electrons loose. This is what gives the Ionosphere its name and it is the free electrons that cause the reflection and absorption of radio waves.

If you are speaking of furthest as to the radio waves being received by another station on Earth then short wave or HF, signals in the 3–30 MHz range can travel all around the Earth. The signal will bounce off the ionosphere and back to earth and continue doing this around the Earth.

ionosphere