If you have water flowing through your property, you might consider building a small hydropower system to generate electricity. Microhydropower systems usually generate up to 100 kilowatts of electricity.

k = 0.000133 A constant to yield power in kilowatts. (Multiplying the above kilowatt answer by 1.340 converts it to horse- power [i.e., 1 kW = 1.340 horsepower]). The rotor swept area, A, is important because the rotor is the part of the turbine that captures the wind energy.

Turbine efficiency is the ratio of actual work output of the turbine to the net input energy supplied in the form of fuel.

Flowing water creates energy that can be captured and turned into electricity. This is called hydroelectric power or hydropower. The most common type of hydroelectric power plant uses a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir. This spins the turbines forward, activating the generators to produce electricity.

Pelton turbine

1) Increase the turbine inlet temperature provided the turbine materials can stand the temperature or one has access to replacement parts that can withstand the temperatures. 2) Increase the pressure ratio. There is a limit to the efficiency increase depending upon the turbine inlet temperature.

Gross efficiency of steam turbine or stage efficiency of steam turbine is the ratio of the work done on the blades per kg of steam to the total energy supplied per stage per kg of steam.

Reliability Steam turbines are a mature technology with excellent durability and reliability. Other Steam turbines are typically designed to deliver relatively large amounts of thermal energy with electricity generated as a byproduct of heat generation. Overall CHP efficiencies can reach or exceed 80%.

At present, the most popular approaches to improve the total efficiency of a steam turbine include increasing the initial steam parameters, decreasing final steam parameters, installing a feed-water heater, and applying combined-cycle technology.

Francis turbines are probably used most extensively because of their wider range of suitable heads, characteristically from three to 600 metres. At the high-head range, the flow rate and the output must be large; otherwise the runner becomes too small for reasonable fabrication.

One of the key characteristics of the Francis turbine is the fact that water changes direction as it passes through the turbine. The flow enters the turbine in a radial direction, flowing towards its axis, but after striking and interacting with the turbine blades it exits along the direction of that axis.

Because the turbine moves as a result of this reaction force, Francis turbines are known as reaction turbines. The process of changing the direction of the water flow also results in a decrease in pressure within the turbine itself.