32

There are specific rules for calculating in either direction. To calculate azimuths clockwise around a traverse: Subtract the interior angle from the back azimuth of the preceding line. To calculate azimuths counter-clockwise around a traverse: Add the interior angle to the back azimuth of the preceding line.

Back azimuths are calculated as follows: If the original azimuth is less than 180 degrees you ADD 180 degrees to the original azimuth, thus an azimuth of 45 degrees (<180) will have a back azimuth of 225 degrees. If the original azimuth is greater than 180 degrees you SUBTRACT 180 degrees from the original azimuth.

For example: If the azimuth is 45 degrees, add 180 degrees to find the back azimuth. The back azimuth would be 225 degrees. If the azimuth is 270 degrees, subtract 180 degrees. The back azimuth would be 90 degrees.

To convert degrees to compass directions, I first divide the compass into 16 sectors of 22.5 degrees each. The sectors are like slices of pie, centered on the compass points. Tip: If you would like to use eight sectors instead of 16, with a shorter lookup table, divide by 45 degrees instead of 22.5 degrees.

For example, I have the degrees like below but want the column on the right….Convert wind degrees to direction.

The inter-cardinal points lie midway between these points: north-east = 45 degrees, south-east = 135 degrees, south-west = 225 degrees and north-west = 315 degrees.

An azimuth is the direction measured in degrees clockwise from north on an azimuth circle. An azimuth circle consists of 360 degrees. Ninety degrees corresponds to east, 180 degrees is south, 270 degrees is west, and 360 degrees and 0 degrees mark north.

(d) To measure an azimuth, turn your entire body toward the object and point the compass cover directly at the object. Look down and read the azimuth from beneath the fixed black index line. This method can be used at night.

Converting azimuths to quadrant bearings or vice versa is easy. For example an azimuth of 140° is greater than 90° and less than 180°, therefore it is in SE quadrant. There are 180 – 140 = 40 degrees between the South and the point, therefore the quadrant bearing is S40°E.

A bearing is an angle less than 90° within a quadrant defined by the cardinal directions. An azimuth is an angle between 0° and 360° measured clockwise from North. “South 45° East” and “135°” are the same direction expressed as a bearing and as an azimuth.

North = 0 and 360 degrees, east = 90 degrees, south = 180 degrees and west = 270 degrees. The inter-cardinal points lie midway between these points: north-east = 45 degrees, south-east = 135 degrees, south-west = 225 degrees and north-west = 315 degrees.

cardinal direction one of the four main points of a compass: north, east, south, west.

The four cardinal directions, or cardinal points, are the directions north, east, south, and west, commonly denoted by their initials N, E, S, and W respectively.

Compass. Explanation: The answer is compass.

For world maps, because we often put them on a wall, north really is up, and south is down, even though on earth those directions are both horizontal. Sometimes people print maps in other orientations so they make more sense. Having north at the top, though, is still often the easiest way to recognize where you are.

There is no north south east west, or up and down in space. north, south, east, and west refer to the Earth’s magnetic or geographic poles, irrelevant in space. up and down implies towards the earth center or away from the earth center, also irrelevant in space.

Some early Egyptian maps put south on top, while in medieval Europe, Christian cartographers tended to give that distinction to east, since you had to turn that way to face Jerusalem. Others placed east on top because of the rising Sun (that’s why we orient ourselves).

What makes Australia such a hostile country? The Sun – Australia lies under a hole in the ozone layer, and ultraviolet rays burn the skin like nothing else. That’s why Australia has the highest rate of skin cancer in the world. Snakes – 21 of the 25 venomous snake species live in Australia.

In Australia, the Moon is “upside down” from the point of view of northern hemisphere viewers.

Australia has warmed by just over 1 °C since 1910, with most warming since 1950. This warming has seen an increase in the frequency of extreme heat events and increased the severity of drought conditions during periods of below-average rainfall.

“In the past, Australia has only recorded temperatures above 50 degrees on three occasions: the most recent being Mardie in Western Australia’s Pilbara region in 1998, and Oodnadatta in South Australia, which reached 50 degrees twice in 1960 and still holds the record of 50.7C set in January of that year.

The ozone layer is depleted in two ways. Firstly, the ozone layer in the mid-latitude (e.g. over Australia) is thinned, leading to more UV radiation reaching the earth. Data collected in the upper atmosphere have shown that there has been a general thinning of the ozone layer over most of the globe.

This is like the analog of the northern Atlantic’s Gulf Stream, shunting warm equatorial Pacific water directly down Oz’s eastern shore. So just as the Gulf Stream keeps the British Isles several degrees warmer than they would otherwise be (there are even a few palms in southern Ireland), the E.A.C.

These are the 10 most dangerous animals in Australia according to HotelClub:

• Box jellyfish (aka Boxfish, Sea Wasp, Fire Medusa or Stinger)
• Taipan snake.
• Saltwater crocodile (aka salties)
• Blue-ringed octopus.
• Stonefish.
• Redback spider (aka Australian black widow)
• 7 and 8.
• Great white shark.

Liawenee

In 2018, it was sold for $AUD100 million to Atlassian co-founder and tech billionaire Mike Cannon-Brookes. Considered the most expensive home in Australia at the time of its sale, the massive Point Piper mansion Fairwater was designed by the leading architect of the time, John Horbury Hunt.

Perth

Ballarat keeps its cool: Ballarat is 400 metres higher than Melbourne. One hundred metres of altitude generally converts to one degree of temperature. So while Melbourne swelters with an average of ten days over 35 degrees per year Ballarat has only two.