While a 100mm pipe will hold 7.8Lt’s of water per metre, increasing the pipe size to 150mm will increase the holding capacity to 17.7Lts per metre. Approximate holding capacity: 100mm X 3 metres = 23 Litres. 100mm X 4 metres = 32 Litres.

Open-Ended Drill Pipe Displacement

1. Displacement = Cross-sectional Area × Length.
2. Sample Problem.
3. Solution:
4. OD = 3 in. =
5. OD Area = 0.7854 × 0.25 ft × 0.25 ft = 0.0491 ft^2.

The formula for the volume of cylinder is: cylinder volume = π * radius² * height . For a pipe use its length instead of height: pipe volume = π * radius² * length , where radius = inner diameter/2 . The volume of a pipe is equal to the volume of a liquid inside (if a pipe is fully filled with it).

The general formula to calculate Annular Volume in bbls is as follows: Annular Volume bbls = (Dh^2 – OD^2) / 1029.4 x Length in feet, where Dh is the hole diameter.

Annular capacity is volume of fluid between two diameter of cylindrical objects per length or length per volume.

Conversion: Drill String Volume in bbls

1. General Formula: Drill String Volume in Barrels = ID2 / 1029.4 * Pipe Length.
2. Example: Drill Pipe : 6 in OD, 4.356 ID, 9650 feet in length.
3. To solve for DSV is ID2 / 1029.4 * Pipe Length.
4. Download the excel conversion calculator here.

Two factors, affecting lag time calculation, are annulus volume of drilling fluid in and drilling mud flow rate. With certain annular volume, the lag time, normally expressed in minutes, can be determined by dividing the annular volume (bbls) by the flow rate (bbl/min).

Time = Distance / Speed The lag time here is 10 hours. So, the pattern you should note here is “the greater the distance, the longer the lag time.” The same method of calculation may be used for earthquake waves (P-waves and S-waves).

What is Lag time? Lag time is a delay between tasks that have a dependency. For example, if you need a two-day delay between the finish of one task and the start of another, you can establish a finish-to-start dependency and specify two days of lag time.

The lag time between them is directly related to the distance that the waves travel. Although the lag time can be used to determine the distance to the epicenter of an earthquake, it does not provide information on the direction from which the waves traveled.

The longer the lag time, the closer the distance. The longer the lag time, the farther the distance. The shorter the lag time, the farther the distance. There is no relationship.

At least 3 earthquake recording stations are required to find the location of the earthquake epicenter. A single recording station can only calculate distance, but not direction; to cover all possibilities, a complete circle is drawn around that station.

Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. When seismic data is collected from at least three different locations, it can be used to determine the epicenter by where it intersects. Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions.

Using your compass, draw a circle with a radius equal to the number you came up with in Step #2 (the radius is the distance from the center of a circle to its edge). The center of the circle will be the location of your seismograph. The epicenter of the earthquake is somewhere on the edge of that circle.

The focus is the place inside Earth’s crust where an earthquake originates. The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. When energy is released at the focus, seismic waves travel outward from that point in all directions.

The location below the earth’s surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the location directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter.

The main importance in determining the epicentre is so that the fault that ruptured causing the earthquake can be identified. If the fault is a recognised fault, then the earthquake can be used to increase confidence in the hazard modelling for the area.

The earthquake took place at 5:19 am and the epicentre was 71-km east of Port Blair, the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, according to the National Centre for Seismology.

Earthquake epicentres are not randomly distributed on earth. They occur wherever two tectonic plates meet. The collision of these plates leads to the occurrence of earthquakes and volcanoes. About 75% of world’s largest volcanoes and 90% of earthquakes occur along the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Volcanoes are not randomly distributed over the Earth’s surface. Most are concentrated on the edges of continents, along island chains, or beneath the sea forming long mountain ranges. Major tectonic plates of the Earth.

TOPOGRAPHIC PATTERNS Are mountains randomly distributed on the continents, or do they tend to occur in particular patterns (clusters, linear chains, arcs, etc.)? Patterns. Find Mt. Everest, the highest point on earth.

What do you notice about the distribution of earthquakes and the plate boundaries? The distribution of earthquakes coincides with the boundaries between tectonic plates.

Divergent boundaries are typified in the oceanic lithosphere by the rifts of the oceanic ridge system, including the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise, and in the continental lithosphere by rift valleys such as the famous East African Great Rift Valley.

The majority of deep crustal earthquakes occur along the rift margins in regions that have cooler, thicker crust. We believe the deep crustal earthquakes represent either the relative motion of rift zones with respect to adjacent stable regions or the propagation of rifting into stable regions.

Earthquakes are not distributed randomly, and most earthquakes occur in distinct narrow belts. Most earthquakes are concentrated along boundaries between major tectonic plates, especially in subduction zones and along transform faults, with fewer occurring along spreading ridges.

But the Earth isn’t getting any bigger. In locations around the world, ocean crust subducts, or slides under, other pieces of Earth’s crust. The boundary where the two plates meet is called a convergent boundary. Deep trenches appear at these boundaries, caused by the oceanic plate bending downward into the Earth.

Antarctica

Answer. Answer: The whole country is in a very active seismic area, and they have the densest seismic network in the world, so they are able to record many earthquakes. The sparse seismic instrumentation in those areas doesn’t allow us to actually record all the smaller earthquakes.

Valdivia Earthquake