two electrons

An orbit is the simple planar representation of an electron. An orbital refers to the dimensional motion of an electron around the nucleus in a three-dimensional motion. An orbital can simply be defined as the space or the region where the electron is likely to be found the most.

Orbit locates the electron in a position around the nucleus. Orbital is a probability map, which means we don’t know exactly where the electron is.

In chemistry and quantum mechanics, an orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of an electron, electron pair, or (less commonly) nucleons. An orbital can contain two electrons with paired spins and is often associated with a specific region of an atom.

In atomic theory and quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a mathematical function describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any specific region around the atom’s nucleus.

1s orbital is the closest orbital to the nucleus. 2s orbital is the second closest orbital to the nucleus. Energy of 1s orbital is lower than that of 2s orbital. 2s has comparatively higher energy.

Although degenerate with other d orbitals, It has no nodal planes, instead it has 2 nodal “cones”. Instead of having 4 lobes, it has 2 lobes and 1 ring. Also, its electron density is prominently distributed in all x,y and z directions unlike others.

The unhybridized p atomic orbitals are used to form π bonds. Two unhybridized p atomic orbitals each from a different atom overlap side to side, resulting in a shared electron pair occupying the space above and below the line joining the atoms (the internuclear axis).