Moving characters are often shot “on twos”, that is to say, one drawing is shown for every two frames of film (which usually runs at 24 frames per second), meaning there are only 12 drawings per second.

In the mid-1820s, Nicéphore Niépce first managed to fix an image that was captured with a camera, but at least eight hours or even several days of exposure in the camera were required and the earliest results were very crude.

The Gestalt Theory is based around the idea that the eye sees things as entire before distinguishing individual components. In other words, in the Gestalt Theory, the whole is not equal to the sum of all its parts.

Named after the inventor, Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre, each daguerreotype is a unique image on a silvered copper plate. In contrast to photographic paper, a daguerreotype is not flexible and is rather heavy. The daguerreotype is accurate, detailed and sharp. It has a mirror-like surface and is very fragile.

Burgundy

Daguerre was familiar with the camera obscura as a painting aid and had improved the lenses for use during production of the diorama. Nicephore Niepce and Daguerre met and became partners in 1829; Niepce needed Daguerre’s camera obscura and Daguerre was interested in the heliographic process that Niepce had developed.

Louis Daguerre

‘ To make the heliograph, Niépce dissolved light-sensitive bitumen in oil of lavender and applied a thin coating over a polished pewter plate. He inserted the plate into a camera obscura and positioned it near a window in his second-story workroom.