Yellow fever virus is estimated to cause 200,000 cases of disease and 30,000 deaths each year, with 90% occurring in Africa.

He was prominent in many reforms, especially in the areas of medicine and education. He opposed slavery, advocated free public schools, and sought improved education for women, and a more enlightened penal system. As a leading physician, Rush had a major impact on the emerging medical profession.

The U.S. Mint’s response to yellow fever struck a balance between workers’ and employers’ needs. Workers put on furlough were guaranteed jobs when the public health crisis was over. Meanwhile, the Mint secured their loyalty by promising back pay, so it was able to resume operations quickly after each outbreak.

Alexander Hamilton, a leader of the Federalists, wrote that he had cured his bout of yellow fever by taking quinine and drinking wine. In reality, the weather did more to end the yellow fever epidemic than any human efforts. A blast of cold weather in November, 1793, killed off the disease-carrying mosquitoes.

Yellow fever is known to be present in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South America. If you live in one of these areas, talk to your doctor about whether you need the yellow fever vaccine.

Despite landmark achievements in the understanding of the epidemiology of YF and the availability of a safe, efficacious vaccine, YF remains a major public health problem in both Africa and South America, where annually the disease affects an estimated 200,000 persons, causing an estimated 30,000 deaths.

Thus, from 11 July 2016 the certificate of vaccination against yellow fever is valid for the life of the person vaccinated. This lifetime validity applies automatically to all existing and new certificates, beginning 10 days after the date of vaccination.

Who should not get yellow fever vaccine?

• HIV/AIDS or other disease that affects the immune system.
• Weakened immune system as a result of cancer or other medical conditions, transplant, or drug treatment (such as steroids, chemotherapy, or others that affect immune function)
• Thymus disorder.

Yellow fever cards are valid for 10 years from the day of vaccination. As for the question of ‘Do I need to take the vaccine again if my card is still valid’? You won’t have to. You should provide the old yellow card with proof of vaccination then pay for the new card.