Often, additional X-rays are made after the barium has been excreted from the bowel, which is usually one or more days after the procedure. After the procedure, a small amount of barium will be expelled from the body immediately. The remainder of the liquid is later excreted in the stool.

2

Sources of barium About 0.05 percent of Earth’s crust is barium, making it the 17th most abundant element in the crust, according to Robert E.

alkaline earth metal

Uses of Barium

• Barium is often used for spark-plug electrodes and in vacuum tubes as a drying and oxygen-removing agent.
• Its compounds are used by oil and gas industries to make drilling mud.
• Barium compounds are also used to make paint, bricks, tiles, glass, and rubber.

Oral “milkshake” barium contrast agents, used in CT scans of the digestive system, do not cause kidney damage, and were not included.

Small amounts of water-soluble barium may cause a person to experience breathing difficulties, increased blood pressures, heart rhythm changes, stomach irritation, muscle weakness, changes in nerve reflexes, swelling of brains and liver, kidney and heart damage. Barium has not shown to cause cancer with humans.

Side effects include constipation, diarrhea, appendicitis, and if inhaled inflammation of the lungs. It is not recommended in people with intestinal perforation or bowel obstruction. Allergic reactions are rare. The use of barium during pregnancy is safe for the baby; however, X-rays may result in harm.

It is important to drink plenty of liquids during and after the test. Barium sulfate may cause severe constipation.

Gastrointestinal side effects including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping accompanying the use of barium sulfate formulations have been infrequent and usually mild.

The barium swallow is a less invasive way to look at the upper GI tract than an endoscopy. Barium swallows are a useful diagnostic tool for checking for upper GI tract disorders that can be easily diagnosed with X-ray alone. More complex disorders require endoscopy.

Barium may cause constipation or impacted stool after the procedure if it isn’t completely cleared from your body. You may be told to drink plenty of fluids and eat foods high in fiber to help the rest of the barium leave your body. You may also be given a laxative to help with this.

Common side effects may include: mild stomach cramps; nausea, vomiting; or. loose stools or mild constipation.

You should not drive immediately after the procedure because some of the drugs can affect vision. You may feel a bit ill after the procedure and can be quite constipated for several days. You should drink lots of fluid and eat lots of fruit to minimise the constipation.

Can I Eat Before a Barium Swallow Test? Do not eat or drink anything, including chewing gum, for eight to 12 hours before the exam – so your stomach and upper digestive tract are completely empty. You may brush your teeth but avoid swallowing any water.

Diagnosing Acid Reflux With a Barium Swallow Radiograph The barium enables doctors to take X-rays of your esophagus. Barium swallow isn’t a surefire method of diagnosing GERD. Only one out of every three people with GERD has esophageal changes that are visible on X-rays.

Swallow studies generally result in an effective dose of roughly 1 mSv, which is reported in the literature for these examinations (Brenner and Huda 2008).

Group two is located next to group one of the left hand side of the periodic table. Group two elements are also known as the alkaline earth metals.

The body needs iodine to make thyroid hormones. These hormones control the body’s metabolism and many other important functions. The body also needs thyroid hormones for proper bone and brain development during pregnancy and infancy.

Is barium iodide covalent or ionic? An ionic compound is a solid composed of ions charged oppositely. Such compounds form a solution when dissolved in water, which allows the conduction of electrical current. Having said that, Barium iodide is an ionic compound.

Magnesium oxide

Lithium phosphate

Silver nitrate

Dinitrogen trioxide

Physical and Chemical Properties

That is not a non-metallic oxide comprising an oxide of metal elements, mostly acidic oxides, such as typical: water (H2O), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and the like.

The compound’s name however was derived from its empirical formula, not from its molecular formula. The standard name for this compound is actually diphosphorus pentoxide. The di- prefix is used to show that the compound contains two phosphorus atoms and the penta- prefix is used to show it contains five oxygen atoms.

Pentahydride is not known because hydrogen unlike F,Cl,O,N atoms can not effect a sufficient contraction of dz2 orbital to form sp3d hybridized phosphorus atom. In normal situation Phosphorus has 3 electrons to share forming covalent bond.

Chlorine has vacant d orbitals hence it can show an oxidation state of +3. Fluorine has no d orbitals, it cannot show positive oxidation state. Size of chlorine atom is greater due to smaller size of fluorine atom it cannot accommodate three large chlorine atoms. Hence ClF3 exists but FCl3 does not exist.

Correct option d [CCl6] 2− Explanation:Carbon atom cannot expand its valency shell due to non availability of 2d sub shell so [CCl6]2− does not exist.

This molecule is octahedral in shape. Hydrogen is a very weak oxidizing agent as compared to fluorine this means that hydrogen is not able to oxidise sulphur to its maximum oxidation state. Hence, SH6 does not exist.

NCl5 does not exist because there are no d-orbitals in the second energy level. Therefore there is no way to arrange five pairs of bonding electrons around a nitrogen atom.

Explanation: Carbon atom cannot expand its valency shell due to non availability of 2d sub shell, so [CCl6]2− does not exist.