Convection, process by which heat is transferred by movement of a heated fluid such as air or water. Natural convection results from the tendency of most fluids to expand when heated—i.e., to become less dense and to rise as a result of the increased buoyancy.

Convection is classified as natural (or free) and forced convection depending on how the fluid motion is initiated. Whereas in forced convection, the fluid is forced to flow over a surface or in a tube by external means such as a pump or fan.

The driving force for natural convection is gravity. For example if there is a layer of cold dense air on top of hotter less dense air, gravity pulls more strongly on the denser layer on top, so it falls while the hotter less dense air rises to take its place. This creates circulating flow: convection.

Convection motions within the solar interior generate magnetic fields that emerge at the surface as sunspots, and loops of hot gas called prominences. Most solar energy finally escapes from a thin layer of the Sun’s atmosphere called the photosphere, which is the part of the Sun observable to the naked eye.

In fluids, heat is often transferred by convection, in which the motion of the fluid itself carries heat from one place to another. Another way to transfer heat is by conduction, which does not involve any motion of a substance, but rather is a transfer of energy within a substance (or between substances in contact)….

The transfer of heat in the earth is a chain process below can be a possible scanario: Through radiation, the heat of the sun warms up the seas, the warm sea transfers heat to the land by conduction, and sea to the air by convection….

Heat can be transferred by three processes: conduction, convection, and radiation. The process of heat exchange between the Sun and the Earth, through radiation, controls the temperatures at the Earth’s surface. Inside the Earth, radiation is significant only in the hottest parts of the core and the lower mantle.

The sun’s radiation strikes the ground, thus warming the rocks. As the rock’s temperature rises due to conduction, heat energy is released into the atmosphere, forming a bubble of air which is warmer than the surrounding air. This bubble of air rises into the atmosphere.

Answer. Answer: Absorbed sunlight is balanced by heat radiated from Earth’s surface and atmosphere. The atmosphere and the surface of the Earth together absorb 71 percent of incoming solar radiation, so together, they must radiate that much energy back to space for the planet’s average temperature to remain stable….

Heat can be transferred in three ways: by conduction, by convection, and by radiation.