Umbilical Cord Testing uses 6 inches of umbilical cord tissue that and has a window of detection up to approximately 20 weeks prior to birth. Umbilical cord blood has the same blood drug detection window as standard blood drug tests, up to approximately 2-3 days prior to collection.

Most drugs with MW < 500 Da cross the placenta, and most drugs with MW > 1000 Da do not cross the placenta (ex. heparin, protamine, insulin). Neither succinylcholine (highly ionized) or non-depolarizing NMBDs (high molecular weights) cross the placenta.

Almost all drugs will eventually cross the placenta to reach the fetus. In some cases, this transplacental transfer may be beneficial and drugs may be deliberately administered to the mother in order to treat specific fetal conditions.

These tests detect recent use of cocaine and its metabolites, amphetamines, marijuana, barbiturates, and opiates. Cocaine can be detected in urine 6-8 hours after use in the mother and as long as 48-72 hours after use in the newborn.

Zofran (ondansetron) has properties that cause it to easily cross the placenta in substantial amounts. Just for example, it has great lipid solubility, low molecular weight (365.9 daltons), and a measured in vitro plasma protein binding of 70% to 76%.

The United States Supreme Court has ruled that hospital workers cannot test pregnant women for use of illegal drugs without their informed consent or a valid warrant if the purpose is to alert the police to a potential crime.

Several common prescriptions, over-the-counter medications, herbs, vitamins, and even some foods could trigger a false positive drug test.

The best way to contest false-positive results is to reach out to your pharmacist and ask if prescription drugs and OTC medications you take on a regular basis can cause a positive drug test result. Ask if the pharmacist can provide written documentation to this effect and bring a copy to the test site.

Additionally, the ingestion of foods containing hemp, such as hemp-seed oil, have resulted in positive marijuana UDS results,2 and ephedra-containing products may cause false-positive methamphetamine results. Other herbal supplements may be less likely to cause false-positive test results.

Vitamin B Supplements This can cause traces of THC to show up on a drug test.

For 24 hours prior to collecting the specimen, you should avoid strenuous exercise as well as the following substances and drugs:

• Acetaminophen.
• Alcohol.
• Antihistamines.
• Aspirin.
• Caffeine.
• Vitamin B.

Here are a few creative excuses relayed to us:

1. “I was at a party over the weekend – can I retest later?”
2. “I didn’t know the brownies I ate were laced with pot!”
3. “I took some elephant tranquilizers.
4. “It must have been the tea that my wife gave me last night.”
5. “My dentist gave me cocaine for my sore tooth.”

Unlike most other vitamins, B12 is stored in substantial amounts, mainly in the liver, until it is needed by the body. If a person stops consuming the vitamin, the body’s stores of this vitamin usually take about 3 to 5 years to exhaust.

The common forms of vitamin B include vitamin B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine) and B12 (cyanocobalamin). Except for niacin (when given in high doses), there is no evidence that the other B vitamins, in physiologic or even super-physiologic high doses cause liver injury or jaundice.

Good sources of vitamin B12

• meat.
• fish.
• milk.
• cheese.
• eggs.
• some fortified breakfast cereals.

At first, you may need to have the injection a few times a week to boost your levels of vitamin B12. Some common side effects are feeling or being sick and diarrhoea.

For vitamin B12 deficiency: The usual dose is 30 mcg as an injection into the muscle or under the skin daily for 5-10 days. For maintenance therapy, 100-200 mcg once monthly is commonly used. Both cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin forms are used.

Vitamin B-12 can cause very rare but serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). This includes swelling of the face, tongue, and throat, and difficulty swallowing and breathing. If this occurs after you take vitamin B-12, call 911 or your local emergency services immediately.

Symptoms of Vitamin B12 Deficiency

1. Weakness, tiredness, or lightheadedness.
2. Heart palpitations and shortness of breath.
3. Pale skin.
4. A smooth tongue.
5. Constipation, diarrhea, loss of appetite, or gas.
6. Nerve problems like numbness or tingling, muscle weakness, and problems walking.
7. Vision loss.

Here’s a list of vitamin B-12 foods to help you meet your nutrition goals:

• Clams. 84.1 mcg per 3 ounces.
• Beef liver. 70.7 mcg per 3 ounces.
• Fortified breakfast cereals. 6.0 mcg per 1/2 cup.
• Salmon. 4.8 mcg per 3 ounces.
• Trout. 3.5 mcg per 3 ounces.
• Milk. 1.2 mcg per cup.
• Yogurt. 1.1 mcg per cup.
• Ham. 0.6 mcg per 3 ounces.

To increase the amount of vitamin B12 in your diet, eat more of foods that contain it, such as:

1. Beef, liver, and chicken.
2. Fish and shellfish such as trout, salmon, tuna fish, and clams.
3. Fortified breakfast cereal.
4. Low-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese.
5. Eggs.

People with vitamin B12 deficiency are likely to experience a wide range of symptoms, though weight gain is unlikely one of them. If you’re experiencing unexplained weight gain, consider discussing it with your healthcare provider or a registered dietitian to determine the root cause.

“There’s no solid evidence that vitamin B12 injections aid weight loss. … Some weight-loss clinics offer vitamin B12 injections as part of their weight-loss programs. Proponents of vitamin B12 injections say the shots give you more energy and boost your metabolism, helping you shed unwanted pounds.

One of those vital nutrients is B12, also known as cobalamin. B12 promotes healthy hair growth by assisting in the production of oxygen-rich red blood cells, which feed hair follicles.

May Improve Mood and Symptoms of Depression Vitamin B12 may improve your mood. The effect of vitamin B12 on mood is not yet fully understood. However, this vitamin plays a vital role in synthesizing and metabolizing serotonin, a chemical responsible for regulating mood.

The recommended daily intake (RDI) for vitamin B12 for people over 14 is 2.4 mcg ( 1 ). However, you may want to take more or less, depending on your age, lifestyle, and specific situation.