In Frankenstein, the reckless pursuit of scientific discovery leads to chaos, tragedy, and despair for all of the novel’s characters. Shelley’s novel is not necessarily opposed to scientific progress or discovery, but focuses on what happens when science is not paired with individual moral responsibility.

Krempe tells Victor that all the time that Victor has spent studying the alchemists has been wasted, further souring Victor on the study of natural philosophy. He then attends a lecture in chemistry by a professor named Waldman.

In Frankenstein, Victor embodies the concept of unrestrained science. He is allured by the power and potential of science from a very young age. In spite of its lack of credibility, Victor develops a strong interest in alchemy, which focuses on harnessing the powers of science for personal gain.

Shelley’s novel shows a clear path of sin and then punishment for that sin. In Frankenstein there are clear examples of Victor being condemned by the world for his unforgivably transgressive actions, demonstrating that science must be handled ethically and with caution.

One moral lesson in Frankenstein is that people need to belong and feel connected to others to survive. Another moral lesson is that humans must carefully consider the costs of scientific progress.

Henry Clerval

Why does Frankenstein create the Monster? Frankenstein believes that by creating the Monster, he can discover the secrets of “life and death,” create a “new species,” and learn how to “renew life.” He is motivated to attempt these things by ambition. He wants to achieve something great, even if it comes at great cost.