With the development of society, many concepts are added into ideology, such as ideas, texts, and representations and theories. Film is a good example as ideological form that reflects the ideologies and values of societies through its images, discourses, symbols, myths, and narratives.

Cognitive literary criticism engages the contemporary psychology and neuroscience of reading, consciousness, imagery, social behavior, decision making, empathy, and perception in order to gain new insight on literature and creativity.

Affective fallacy is a term from literary criticism used to refer to the supposed error of judging or evaluating a text on the basis of its emotional effects on a reader. Wimsatt and Monroe Beardsley in 1949 as a principle of New Criticism which is often paired with their study of The Intentional Fallacy.

Genre Theory involves classifying a film into a category that contains other films that have similar aspects. These could be similar narratives, characters, filming techniques, or other formal features. The word genre comes from the French (and originally Latin) word for ‘kind’ or ‘class’ ”.

Tate. Formalism describes the critical position that the most important aspect of a work of art is its form – the way it is made and its purely visual aspects – rather than its narrative content or its relationship to the visible world.

Viktor Shklovsky

The purpose of defamiliarization is to cause the readers to question their perception of reality and, as a result, ultimately redefine it. In a way, defamiliarization in literature is a destabilizing process.

The Russian Formalists’ concept of “Defamiliarization”, proposed by Viktor Shklovsky in his Art as Technique, refers to the literary device whereby language is used in such a way that ordinary and familiar objects are made to look different. Thus literary language is ordinary language deformed and made strange.