To divide voltage in half, all you must do is place any 2 resistors of equal value in series and then place a jumper wire in between the resistors. At this point where the jumper wire is placed, the voltage will be one-half the value of the voltage supplying the circuit. The 5V is now 2.5V. VCC is split in half.

Voltage varies directly with current. “R” is the constant of proportionality telling how much it varies. If I add in a resistor to a circuit, the voltage decreases. If you have a resistor in a circuit, with a current flowing through it, there will be a voltage dropped across the resistor (as given by Ohm’s law).

As long as the power supply stays constant when resistance is added voltage will increase. If we increase the value in ohms of the resistor, the voltage across the battery terminal and the resistor remains the same. However, due to the increased resistance, we now have less current flowing through the resistor.

Connect the 7805 IC in the Veroboard. Now connect 470uf and one 0.1uf capacitor parallelly with pin 1,2. Now similarly connect 220uf, 0.1uf capacitor parallay with pin 2,3 as connected in the diagram below.

The device will very likely burn out. In addition, depending on what the device is and the capacity of the 12V supply, connecting a 12V supply to a device rated 5V max could lead to a hazard – fire, explosion, etc. Mostly it will get damaged.

Voltage too high – If the adapter has a higher voltage, but the current is the same, then the device will likely shut itself off when it detects an overvoltage. The device could power on and just draw more current from the adapter than it’s designed for. This could cause the adapter to overheat or fail.

No! It might work for few minutes, but eventually the voltage drop on the internal regulator will cause the circuit to overheat and burn. It could be however, that your adapter has an internal resistance causing the voltage to drop to ~5V, so it could work in this case, if the adapter can supply the needed current…

In most cases, you cannot use a 12V adapter to power a 9V guitar pedal. Using a 12V adapter on a pedal designed to only handle 9V can completely destroy it. Voltage is only one part of the picture and even if you get the voltage right, it’s possible for a power supply to ruin your pedal.

Yes, literally the charging time will be halved with a 2A charger to charge a device which requires current higher than 1A. Using the 5V 1A charger to operate a device that is normally charged with a 5V 2A charger is a bad idea. The smaller rated 1A charger is likely to overheat when used in this manner.

To reduce a 12V circuit to 9V, place two resistors in series within the circuit. Find the difference between the two voltages (12V – 9V = 3V) to determine the total amount of resistance needed.