Typically, the identity of a substance can be described by a:

Identifying Unknown Substances

1. Appearance – use a magnifying glass to describe the appearance of the powder.
2. Texture – feel the substance by pinching some between your fingers.
3. Smell – carefully – without inhaling any – smell the substance.

Texture, shape, and color are physical properties used to identify objects.

1. chemical name, for example, benzene;
2. number, for example, EC number 200-753-7, and.
3. chemical composition, for example, >99 % benzene and <1 % toluene. The composition is determined by chemical analysis.

Substances and Mixtures

• Matter can be broken down into two categories: pure substances and mixtures.
• A chemical substance is composed of one type of atom or molecule.
• A mixture is composed of different types of atoms or molecules that are not chemically bonded.

There are two main categories of mixtures: homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures. In a homogenous mixture all the substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture (salt water, air, blood).

Mixture is an impure substance which is made up of two or more different elements or compounds mixed together in any proportion.

Compounds Examples

• Water – Formula: H2O = Hydrogen2 + Oxygen.
• Hydrogen Peroxide – Formula: H2O2 = Hydrogen2 + Oxygen2
• Salt – Formula: NaCl = Sodium + Chlorine.
• Baking Soda – Formula: NaHCO3 = Sodium + Hydrogen + Carbon + Oxygen3
• Octane – Formula: C8H18 = Carbon8 + Hydrogen18

We know that smoke is a heterogeneous mixture of solids in a fluid /gaseous medium. Thus, we can say that smoke is a mixture with solid particles in the dispersed phase and gas as the dispersed medium.

mixtures

Summary

1. Mixtures can be separated using a variety of techniques.
2. Chromatography involves solvent separation on a solid medium.
3. Distillation takes advantage of differences in boiling points.
4. Evaporation removes a liquid from a solution to leave a solid material.
5. Filtration separates solids of different sizes.

Methods Of Separating Mixtures

• Handpicking.
• Threshing.
• Winnowing.
• Sieving.
• Evaporation.
• Distillation.
• Filtration or Sedimentation.
• Separating Funnel.

Simple distillation is a method for separating the solvent from a solution. For example, water can be separated from salt solution by simple distillation. This method works because water has a much lower boiling point than salt.

The most common purpose for simple distillation is to purify drinking water of unwanted chemicals and minerals such as salt. There are a variety of machines that distill liquids for the purpose of purification or alteration.

Distillation is the process of purification of compounds based on their volatility. The different types of distillation include simple, fractional, steam, vacuum, and short path distillation.

fractional distillation

The distillation process is used to separate components based on their boiling points. Chemicals like common gas, diesel, and jet fuel achieve their boiling points at different temperatures. Distillation columns are used to separate mixed feed streams into their own distinct products.

Simple distillation is a procedure by which two liquids with different boiling points can be separated. As the liquid being distilled is heated, the vapors that form will be richest in the component of the mixture that boils at the lowest temperature. …

Principle of Distillation It is heating the liquid to form a vapour and then cooling it to get back the liquid. It is used to separate components of a mixture containing two miscible liquids that boil without decomposition and have sufficient difference in their boiling points.

The overall process of alcohol distillation can be summed up into 3 parts: Fermentation, Distillation, and Finishing.

What is another word for distillation?

Opposite of the process of removing impurities or unwanted elements from a substance. adulteration. corruption. crudeness.

In this page you can discover 32 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for simplify, like: ease, reduce to essentials, explain, make clear, shorten, analyze, clarify, make plain, reduce, break down and mix.

“The supernatant was used for soluble sugar determination and the last pellet was redissolved in distilled water for starch determination.”…What is another word for distilled water?