A grand duke or grand duchess is addressed as “Your Grace.” Grand dukes are referred to in the third person as “His Grace” or “the Grand Duke of Title” or “His Grace the Grand Duke of Title.” Grand duchesses are referred to in the third person as “Her Grace” or “The Grand Duchess of Title” or “Her Grace the Grand …

grand duchy

the wife or widow of a grand duke. a woman who governs a grand duchy in her own right.

Both reigning kings and reigning grand dukes are equal since they are both sovereigns of their respective realms but they are not equal in rank. Kings are ranked higher than Grand Dukes so in any social events kings takes precedence over grand dukes.

A grand duchy is a country or territory whose official head of state or ruler is a monarch bearing the title of grand duke or grand duchess.

Further to that, duchies mainly formed part of a larger kingdom, whereas grand duchies were (usually) independent and sovereign states, or held in personal union with other states.

Kingdom, monarchy, realm, refers to the state or domain ruled by a king or queen. A duchy is a medieval country, territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess, a high-ranking nobleman hierarchically second to the king or queen in European tradition.

The Grand Duchy expanded to include large portions of the former Kievan Rus’ and other neighbouring states, including what is now Belarus and parts of Ukraine, Latvia, Poland, Russia and Moldova. At its greatest extent, in the 15th century, it was the largest state in Europe.

Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, and grand dukes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranked below princes of nobility and grand dukes.

Luxembourg

In 1890 the Dutch King died without a male heir. While Dutch succession laws allowed for female monarchs, Luxembourg did not allow for female monarchs, so the throne of that country passed to Adolphe.

Margrethe II of DenmarkSince 1972

The richest individual is Queen Beatrix of Holland, head of the Orange-Nassau household, with a total wealth of £1.25 billion. She pays tax on her private income, estimated to be £94 million. Norway’s Oldenburg family is the poorest with cash and assets totalling £90 million.

Henri, Grand Duke of LuxembourgSince 2000

Royal Relations: how Elizabeth II is linked to Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg. Her Majesty The Queen is a descendant of Carolina through her daughter Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg, who married Duke Louis of Württemberg. Their son Alexander married Claudine Rhédey von Kis Rhéde.