The electron can gain the energy it needs by absorbing light. If the electron jumps from the second energy level down to the first energy level, it must give off some energy by emitting light. The atom absorbs or emits light in discrete packets called photons, and each photon has a definite energy.

An excited atom is unstable and tends to rearrange itself to return to its lowest energy state. When this happens, the electrons lose some or all of the excess energy by emitting light.

When electrons are removed from an atom, that process requires energy to pull the electron away from the nucleus. Addition of an electron releases energy from the process. The energy change that occurs when a neutral atom gains an electron is called its electron affinity .

For an isolated atom or molecule in a gas, excited states of electrons often don’t have any easy way to lose energy except by electromagnetic radiation- light of some frequency. A little of the energy can go into internal vibrations for a molecule. In a liquid or solid, however, there are more ways to lose energy.

The ground state of an electron, the energy level it normally occupies, is the state of lowest energy for that electron. There is also a maximum energy that each electron can have and still be part of its atom.

Emerging scientific research supports the concept that the Earth’s electrons induce multiple physiological changes of clinical significance, including reduced pain, better sleep, a shift from sympathetic to parasympathetic tone in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and a blood-thinning effect.

Answer. Q1. The number of sublevels in the atom increases as the number of principal energy level increases. The number of sublevels in an energy level and the number of that energy level are both equal only for the first four principal energy levels so far.

Answer. Explanation: potassium has 19 protons and 19 electrons. There are 2 electrons on the first energy level, 8 electrons on the second level, 8 electrons on the third energy level, and 1 on the fourth energy level.

Questions and Answers

1s and 2s sub-orbitals are nearest to the nucleus. The main difference between 1s and 2s orbitals is the difference of their energy level, which is, 2s orbital is a higher energy level than 1s orbital.

e2×32 =18 electron.

Determine the number of electrons using quantum numbers by first counting the number of electrons in each full orbital (based on the last fully-occupied value of the principle quantum number), then adding the electrons for the full subshells of the given value of the principle quantum number, and then adding two …

eight

The octet rule refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell. When atoms have fewer than eight electrons, they tend to react and form more stable compounds.