Most of the time when people refer to “cell division,” they mean mitosis, the process of making new body cells. Meiosis is the type of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells. During mitosis, a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical daughter cells.

Cell size at division is determined by the balance between cell growth (the increase in mass or volume) and the timing of cell division. Therefore, in relative terms, cells born large grow less than cells born smaller leading to size homeostasis at steady state.

The increase in size and changes in shape of a developing organism depend on the increase in the number and size of cells that make up the individual. Increase in cell number occurs by a precise cellular reproductive mechanism called mitosis.

Answer: Large cells divide rapidly to cut down the size of the cell in half. Research shows size measurement in the G phase of cell division. The very complex cell cycle is the process where cells divide and make a new one.

The Mitosis Cell Cycle Before a cell starts dividing, it is in the “Interphase.” It seems that cells must be constantly dividing (remember there are 2 trillion cell divisions in your body every day), but each cell actually spends most of its time in the interphase.

Most prokaryotes, or bacteria, use binary fission to divide the cell. Eukaryotes of all sizes use mitosis to divide. Sexually-reproducing eukaryotes use a special form of cell division called meiosis to reduce the genetic content in the cell.

The fundamental importance of chromosomes is that they contain DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, the substance that contains every organism’s genetic code. When a cell divides, its chromosomes must first replicate. Cells divide in two basic ways – mitosis and meiosis.

The preprophase band is a mitotic structure unique to plants (and some green algae) that functions in the formation of the prophase spindle and presages the location of the future cell plate at cytokinesis.

Functions of chromosomes:

• DNA present on the chromosome not only carries most of the genetic information but also controls the hereditary transfer.
• Chromosomes are essential for the process of cell division, replication, division, and creation of daughter cells.

Chromosomes are thread-like structures present in the nucleus, which carries genetic information from one generation to another. They play a vital role in cell division, heredity, variation, mutation, repair and regeneration.

Role of Transcription Factors in Cell Regulation Cell growth, proliferation and differentiation are controlled largely by selective transcriptional modulation of gene expression in response to extracellular stimuli.

In normal DNA, tumor suppressor genes control the growth rate of cells.

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Cancer develops when the body’s normal control mechanism stops working. Old cells do not die and instead grow out of control, forming new, abnormal cells. These extra cells may form a mass of tissue, called a tumor.

When aging cells stop dividing, they become “senescent.” Scientists believe one factor that causes senescence is the length of a cell’s telomeres, or protective caps on the end of chromosomes. Every time chromosomes reproduce, telomeres get shorter. As telomeres dwindle, cell division stops altogether.

These ‘normal’ cells act as the body’s basic building blocks and possess specific characteristics that enable them to maintain correct functioning of tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Size and shape of the cell’s nucleus Typically, the nucleus of a cancer cell is larger and darker than that of a normal cell and its size can vary greatly. Another feature of the nucleus of a cancer cell is that after being stained with certain dyes, it looks darker when seen under a microscope.

When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. Sometimes this orderly process breaks down, and abnormal or damaged cells grow and multiply when they shouldn’t. These cells may form tumors, which are lumps of tissue. Tumors can be cancerous or not cancerous (benign).

The process by which a cell reproduces to create two identical copies of itself is known as mitosisThe portion of the cell cycle (M stage) during which a cell divides into two (usually identical) daughter cells.. The goal of mitosis is the formation of two identical cells from a single parent cell.

Yeast cells can divide at a maximum speed of one division every 90 minutes. But the fastest cells in humans must be the activated T -Lymphocytes, which, for about 5 days, can grow at a doubling time of 5.3 hours!

What cells are replaced frequently? The most frequently replaced cells in the human body are the cells that line the stomach walls and intestine. They typically last around five days before regeneration. Skin cells are replaced every two to four weeks.

Terms in this set (3)

• 1 growth. Go from one cell/( zygote to a trillion)
• 2 replace. Repair/ 50 million cells die second.
• 3 reproduction. ( make cells for reproduction make specialized sex cells)

Explanation: We need two types of cells divisions for different purposes. Mitosis helps in repairing and replacing old, damaged, dead cells. Meiosis is needed for the continuation of race and also for maintenance of same number of chromosomes from one generation to the other.

The correct order of mitotic events which occur during meiosis is: Formation of synaptonemal complex, recombination, separation of homologous chromosomes, separation of sister chromatids.

However, Meiosis I begins with one diploid parent cell and ends with two haploid daughter cells, halving the number of chromosomes in each cell. Meiosis II starts with two haploid parent cells and ends with four haploid daughter cells, maintaining the number of chromosomes in each cell.

Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) somatic cells that are genetically identical to each other and the original parent cell, whereas meiosis produces four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique from each other and the original parent (germ) cell.

In meiosis, however, you start with a diploid cell that divides twice to produce four haploid cells. In other words a diploid cell that has 2n chromosomes produces four cells, each of which contains n chromosomes….Mitosis Vs. Meiosis.

In this example, a diploid body cell contains 2n = 4 chromosomes, 2 from mom and two from dad. In humans, 2n = 46, and n = 23. Meiosis I.

Meiosis is the form of eukaryotic cell division that produces haploid sex cells or gametes (which contain a single copy of each chromosome) from diploid cells (which contain two copies of each chromosome).

Meiosis begins with a parent cell that is diploid, meaning it has two copies of each chromosome. The parent cell undergoes one round of DNA replication followed by two separate cycles of nuclear division. Meiosis begins following one round of DNA replication in cells in the male or female sex organs.