How did the railroads respond to state governments’ legislation during the Gilded Age? Railroad companies challenged the new laws in the courts. Railroad companies begrudgingly accepted the new laws. Monopolies and trusts were supported by the federal courts.

The correct answer is option B. An initiative would be the correct reform measure that voters could use if they wanted to change a law about taxes. An initiative is defined as the process that enables citizens to place proposed statues and reforms on the voting ballots.

Which of the following best describes how the recall, referendum, and initiative provisions give power to voters? They give voters power over their laws and government officials.

The Sherman Act authorized the Federal Government to institute proceedings against trusts in order to dissolve them. Any combination “in the form of trust or otherwise that was in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states, or with foreign nations” was declared illegal.

The Sherman Antitrust Act (the Act) is a landmark U.S. law, passed in 1890, that outlawed trusts—groups of businesses that collude or merge to form a monopoly in order to dictate pricing in a particular market. The Act’s purpose was to promote economic fairness and competitiveness and to regulate interstate commerce.

This section of the Sherman Act prohibits agreements between two or more individuals or independent entities that unreasonably restrain trade (15 U.S.C. § 1). Section 1 also regulates foreign entities doing business abroad if the business sufficiently affects US consumers.

Notable cases filed under the act include:

• United States v.
• Chesapeake & Ohio Fuel Co.
• Northern Securities Co.
• Hale v.
• Standard Oil Co.
• United States v.
• United States v.
• Federal Baseball Club v.

The most common violations of the Sherman Act and the violations most likely to be prosecuted criminally are price fixing, bid rigging, and market allocation among competitors (commonly described as “horizontal agreements”).

Q: Is the Sherman Antitrust Act still in force? A: Although it may not be invoked as much as you think appropriate, yes, the Sherman and Clayton antitrust acts remain in force today.

1. Every contract, combination in the form of a trust or otherwise, or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce, among the several States, or with foreign nations is hereby declared to be illegal.

For more than a decade after its passage, the Sherman Act was invoked only rarely against industrial monopolies, and then not successfully, chiefly because of narrow judicial interpretations of what constitutes trade or commerce among states.

For more than a decade after its passage, the Sherman Antitrust Act was invoked only rarely against industrial monopolies, and then not successfully. Ironically, its only effective use for a number of years was against labor unions, which were held by the courts to be illegal combinations.

Antitrust law is the law of competition. Why then is it called “antitrust”? The answer is that these laws were originally established to check the abuses threatened or imposed by the immense “trusts” that emerged in the late 19th Century.

Criminal prosecutions are typically limited to intentional and clear violations such as when competitors fix prices or rig bids. The Sherman Act imposes criminal penalties of up to $100 million for a corporation and $1 million for an individual, along with up to 10 years in prison.

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was created to help workers and smaller businessmen by encouraging competition. While it did assist these two groups, the act eventually hindered workers in attaining better working conditions.

Voters could use initiative measure if they wanted to change a law about taxes.

The correct answer to this open question is the following. Although the question doesn’t include options we can say the following. What describes costs associated with enforcing the Sherman antitrust act was “time and money spent to prosecute cases that were often decided in favor of big business.”

What are the three major antitrust laws?

• the Sherman Act;
• the Clayton Act; and.
• the Federal Trade Commission Act (FTCA).

The Sherman Act outlawed contracts and conspiracies restraining trade and/or monopolizing industries. For example, the Sherman Act says that competing individuals or businesses can’t fix prices, divide markets, or attempt to rig bids. The Sherman Act laid out specific penalties and fines for violating the terms.

Antitrust Makes Mergers And Acquisitions Difficult Antitrust laws prevent organizations from achieving economies of scale. Many mergers and acquisitions have been disrupted by these antitrust laws. It shouldn’t be illegal to buy out another company if a fair price is being paid.

The main statutes are the Sherman Act of 1890, the Clayton Act of 1914 and the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914.