The mysterious epidemic that devastated Aztecs may have been food poisoning. In 1545, an unknown disease struck the Aztec Empire. Over the next five years, the disease—then called “cocoliztli,” or “pestilence”—killed between seven and 17 million people.

The Mexica [Aztec] built chinampas all around Tenochtitlan, like their neighbors in the freshwater lakes to the south. They were, however, constantly faced with the danger of flooding, which brought salty water across the chinampas and ruined the land and crops.

War was the key factor in the Aztecs’ rise to power. The Aztecs built alliances, or partnerships, to build their empire. The Aztecs made the people they conquered pay tribute, or give them cotton, gold, or food. The Aztecs controlled a huge trade network.

between 50-55

This left the Mayans in a political downfall and the great and noble society in ruins. These contagious diseases ,such as measles, mumps, cholera, and small pox spread and killed about ninety percent of the Mayan population. This lead to the Mayan collapse and now, what is left are the city structures.

The Mayas sutured wounds with human hair, reduced fractures, and used casts. They were skillful dental surgeons and made prostheses from jade and turquoise and filled teeth with iron pyrite.

From a close review of the texts available, it was determined that the Aztecs not only had a developed method of surgical practice that served a variety of uses but also that the Aztecs, as the culmination of Mesoamerican civilization, contributed to the modern practice of surgery.

Ticitl used different parts of plants to make medicines. The plants which were used were sacred to Tlaloc. Yauhtli and iztauhyatl are some plants that would be commonly used by the ticitl. Ticitl treat patients by having them inhale, smoke or they would rub the patients by using certain plants.

William Williams Keen, (born Jan. 19, 1837, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.—died June 7, 1932, Philadelphia), doctor who was the United States’ first brain surgeon.

Neurosurgical history began in the very Ancient times BC, with Incas and Mayan. Through the history of Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Galen and Ancient Arabia, neurosurgical procedures were on the day planner.

The holes had been made in a variety of different locations around the front and side of the skull, and all of the skulls showed signs of having suffered a physical trauma, suggesting that the trepanations had been performed to treat the effects of the injuries.

William Williams Keen Jr.

Latunde Odeku

Daniel Hale Williams

521 million years ago

Human brain size evolved most rapidly during a time of dramatic climate change. Larger, more complex brains enabled early humans of this time period to interact with each other and with their surroundings in new and different ways.

Since it controls vital functions such as breathing, swallowing, digestion, eye movement and heartbeat, there can be no life without it. But the rest of the brain is obviously capable of some remarkable feats, with one part able to compensate for deficiencies in another.

Holoanencephaly. The most common type of anencephaly, where the brain has entirely failed to form, except for the brain stem. Infants rarely survive more than one day after birth with holoanencephaly.

Jellyfish

79 years

That is, there is no fixed upper limit to human longevity, or fixed maximal human lifespan. A theoretical study also suggested that the maximum human life expectancy at birth is limited by the human life characteristic value δ, which is around 104 years.

Today, some scientists are keeping the dream alive. These thinkers believe genetic engineering, or the discovery of anti-ageing drugs, could extend human life far beyond its natural course. Cambridge researcher Aubrey de Grey thinks there is no reason humans cannot live for at least 1,000 years.