A photon is in shape like a thin stick if its energy is lower than the rest energy of an electron and like a plate if its radius is smaller than the classical radius of an electron. For a photon of hν=13.6 eV, the photon radius is 34.9 pm and is less than the Bohr radius.

An element is the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties. Elements cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. Likewise, one element cannot be chemically converted into a different element.

atom

nothing is smaller than a photon. It has no matter. we can’t see a photon. It has no matter.

Preons are hypothetical particles smaller than leptons and quarks that leptons and quarks are made out of. The protons and neutrons weren’t indivisible – they have quarks inside.

The so-called techni-quarks can be the yet unseen particles, smaller than the Higgs particle that will form a natural extension of the Standard Model which includes three generations of quarks and leptons.

In physical sciences, subatomic particles are smaller than atoms. They can be composite particles, such as the neutron and proton; or elementary particles, which according to the standard model are not made of other particles. Particle physics and nuclear physics study these particles and how they interact.

Fermions have half-integer spin; for all known elementary fermions this is 1⁄2. All known fermions, except neutrinos, are also Dirac fermions; that is, each known fermion has its own distinct antiparticle….Quarks.

Baryons are made up of quarks, and there are six (6) types of quarks resulting in about one-hundred twenty 120 baryons. Neutrinos however fall into a category called leptons. The difference between leptons and quarks, is that leptons exist on their own, where quarks combine to form baryons.

The mass (or equivalently, rest energy) of a neutrino is still being worked out but we know the heaviest type of neutrino weighs at least 30 times less than a proton or neutron (or at least 10 times smaller than a quark).

A neutrino is a subatomic particle that is very similar to an electron, but has no electrical charge and a very small mass, which might even be zero. Neutrinos are one of the most abundant particles in the universe. Because they have very little interaction with matter, however, they are incredibly difficult to detect.

A new particle with a mass of 125 GeV was discovered in 2012 and later confirmed to be the Higgs boson with more precise measurements. The Higgs boson is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field, one of the fields in particle physics theory.

Hadrons are particles that feel the strong nuclear force, whereas leptons are particles that do not. The proton, neutron, and the pions are examples of hadrons. The electron, positron, muons, and neutrinos are examples of leptons, the name meaning low mass.