This inverse relationship between the pressure and speed at a point in a fluid is called Bernoulli’s principle. Bernoulli’s principle: At points along a horizontal streamline, higher pressure regions have lower fluid speed and lower pressure regions have higher fluid speed.

Bernoulli’s Principle states that as the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases.

In this case when the gas is compressed to half the volume, the pressure is doubled. Therefore for such case, speed of the gas particles remains the same. 2) When ΔT≠0 : If ΔT≠0 (Say, adiabatic process), then the speed of the particles will increase with increase in temperature and vice versa.

An increase in pressure on an equilibrium system favors the reaction which produces fewer total moles of gas. This is because the overall number of gas molecules would increases and so would the pressure. A decrease in pressure on an equilibrium system favors the reaction which produces more total moles of gas.

Under turbulent flow conditions, pressure drop increases as the square of the volumetric flow rate. At double the flow rate, there is four times the pressure drop. Pressure drop decreases as common mode pressure increases. Pressure drop increases as gas viscosity increases.

Flow patterns in a fluid (gas or liquid) depend on three factors: the characteristics of the fluid, the speed of flow, and the shape of the solid surface. Three characteristics of the fluid are of special importance: viscosity, density, and compressibility.

The driving force for fluid flow is the pressure difference, and a pump operates by raising the pressure of a fluid (by converting the mechanical shaft work to flow energy).

This relationship can be expressed by the equation F = Q/t. Fluid flow requires a pressure gradient (ΔP) between two points such that flow is directly proportional to the pressure differential. Higher pressure differences will drive greater flow rates. The pressure gradient establishes the direction of flow.

Laminar flow is defined as the movement of liquids without turbulences. The fluid flows in parallel layers with no disruption between them.

The different types of fluid flow are:

• Steady and Unsteady Flow.
• Uniform and Non-Uniform Flow.
• Laminar and Turbulent Flow.
• Compressible and Incompressible Flow.
• Rotational and Irrotational Flow.
• One, Two and Three -dimensional Flow.

In laminar flow, the motion of the particles of the fluid is very orderly with particles close to a solid surface moving in straight lines parallel to that surface. Laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by high momentum diffusion and low momentum convection.