Australia has an extradition treaty with Turkey, providing for extradition of a person charged with an offence punishable by imprisonment for at least one year.

Even in nations with treaties in place, geopolitical issues can lead to disputes over extradition. Countries with extradition treaties with the United States but are known for refusing extradition requests are Ecuador, Cuba, Bolivia, Nicaragua, Iceland, Switzerland, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe.

3181 and 3184 permit the United States to extradite, without regard to the existence of a treaty, persons (other than citizens, nationals or permanent residents of the United States), who have committed crimes of violence against nationals of the United States in foreign countries.

This Treaty has been inherited by Australia and it has constituted the extradition relationship between Australia and Thailand. The Regulations will enable Australia to extradite to and from Thailand for a large range of offences, including modern offences such as drug trafficking and money laundering.

Turkey is declared to be an extradition country.

Australia has suspended its extradition treaty with Hong Kong in response to fears over a new national security law imposed by China. Prime Minister Scott Morrison said the new law undermined “Hong Kong’s own basic law” and the territory’s current level of autonomy from Beijing.

Under this new law “secession”, “subversion”, “terrorism” and “collusion with foreign forces” incur maximum penalties of life imprisonment. But these offences are so broadly defined they can easily become catch-all offences used in politically motivated prosecutions with potentially heavy penalties.

Extradition from China China currently grants extradition to both states it maintains extradition treaties with and states that assure reciprocity. Additionally, foreign states must assure they will not extradite extradited persons to a third state unless by the extradited persons’ own consent.